Alcohol availability and consumption: Iowa sales data revisited.

Mulford, Harold A.; Ledolter, Johannes; Fitzgerald, J L

doi:10.15288/jsa.1992.53.487

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…One of the few case studies of spirits privatization in the United States (Iowa) occurred at the retail level with the state retaining control over the wholesale tier. This change was associated with a 10% increase in spirits consumption and a 5% increase in overall alcohol consumption (Holder & Wagenaar, 1990;Mulford et al, 1992). Although we did not find that concerns regarding youth alcohol abuse were related to I-1183 policy opinions, results of a recent U.S. study showed that states with retail monopolies had significantly fewer youth who reported drinking and heavy episodic ("binge") drinking during a past-30-day period, as well as fewer alcohol-impaired drinking deaths (9.3% lower) than those in nonmonopoly states (Miller et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinions on the Privatization of Distilled-Spirits Sales in Washington State: Did Voters Change Their Minds?

Subbaraman

Kerr

2016

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinions on the Privatization of Distilled-Spirits Sales in Washington State: Did Voters Change Their Minds?

Subbaraman

Kerr

2016

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…Specifi cally, the introduction of large numbers of stores resulting from partial privatization was associated with increases in alcohol consumption (Stockwell et al, 2009), alcohol-related mortality (Stockwell et al, 2011), and lower alcohol prices (Treno et al, 2013). On the other hand, there have been contrary fi ndings (Mulford et al, 1992;Trolldal, 2005aTrolldal, , 2005b. Thus, the data do seem to indicate that monopoly controls are typically associated with more positive public health outcomes.…”

Section: Privatization Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of the liberalization of control systems and the transfer of distribution of alcohol sales into private hands, a series of "natural experiments" took place in which relationships between naturally occurring policy changes and public health outcomes could be evaluated. For example, Wagenaar and Holder's (1991) study of the privatization of wine sales in Iowa using time series techniques sparked considerable controversy in JSA with those whose analyses produced different results (Mulford, 1992). Using similar techniques, a series of studies (Holder and Wagenaar, 1990;Wagenaar andHolder, 1991, 1995) subsequently found privatization steps associated with similar effects in fi ve different states.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Alcohol and Other Drug Control Policy Research

Treno

Marzell

Gruenewald

et al. 2014

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs Suppl.

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ABSTRACT. Objective:This article provides a historical review of alcohol and other drug policy research and its impact on public health over the past 75 years. We begin our summary with the state of the fi eld circa 1940 and trace the development across the subsequent decades. We summarize current thinking and suggest possible future directions the fi eld of alcohol and other drug policy may take. Specifi c topics discussed include the minimum legal drinking age, pricing and taxation, hours and days of sale, outlet density, and privatization effects. The future of drug policy research is also considered. Method: A comprehensive search of the literature identifi ed empirical studies, reviews, and commentaries of alcohol and other drug policy research published from 1940 to 2013 that contributed to the current state of the fi eld. Results: Our review demonstrates the historical emergence of alcohol problems as a public health issue over the early part of the 20th century, the public health policy response to this issue, subsequent research, and current and future research trends. Conclusions: Alcohol and other drug policy research over the last several decades has made great strides in its empirical and theoretical sophistication of evaluating alcohol policy effects. This history is not only remarkable for its analytic complexity, but also for its conceptual sophistication. MethodTo accomplish our goal, we fi rst conducted a comprehensive search of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (and its previous iterations, the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol and the Journal of Studies on Alcohol), identifying empirical studies, reviews, and commentaries of alcohol and other drug policy research published from 1940 to 2013. We also included notable articles from other sources that further supported the importance of alcohol and other drug policy research for the improvement of public health. Although this review centers on alcohol and other drug policy research within the United States, we have also examined research from other countries as well. The scope of this review focused primarily on articles that highlighted alcohol-control policies such as the minimum legal drinking age, pricing and taxation, hours and days of sale, outlet density, and privatization effects; and policies aimed at reducing heavy alcohol consumption and related problems.

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“…American alcohol consumption levels might still be trending upward if the alcoholism concept had not generated research informing Americans of the negative health consequences of excessive drinking. This information, together with Americans' growing concern for health and physical fitness in recent decades, may help to explain the otherwise mysterious consumption uptrend reversal in 1982, even as legal restraints on alcohol availability were still being relaxed (Mulford et al, 1992).…”

Section: What Might Have Beenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the rationale for this prevention approach is r reminiscent of the defunct prohibition movement, so also are its proponent's myth-making tactics. Like their prohibitionist predecessors, they claim scientific legitimacy for their approach in the face of highly inconsistent research evidence (Heath, 1986(Heath, , 1990, including compelling evidence that alcohol availability and consumption are not necessarily or mechancially linked (Mulford, Ledolter & Fitzgerald, 1992;. They exaggerate the grovsrth of alcohol abuser numbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What if alcoholism had not been invented? The dynamics of American alcohol mythology

Mulford

1994

Addiction

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This essay speculates on what might have been had alcoholism not been invented. The invention is viewed as a product of the ongoing myth-making process whereby society continuously defines and redefines alcohol, seeking to integrate it into the culture in ways that allow enjoyment of its pleasures with minimum pain. Had alcoholism not been invented, (a) the myth-making process might have yielded another simplistic explanation of drunkenness, but more likely alcohol would have remained the supposed cause; (b) the per capita alcohol consumption uptrend of some 50 years standing might not have reversed as it did in 1982; (c) chronic drunkards might still be denied life-saving hospitalization which gains them more time for the natural reform process to work for them; and (d) local communities nationwide might have taken common-sense actions to facilitate the natural rehabilitation process and provided more benefit to more alcoholics for less cost than treating alcoholism. It is expected that Americans will continue to drink and will continue to seek a more harmonious relationship with alcohol. The informal social controls will continue to largely constrain individual appetites for alcohol's pleasures, and most alcoholics will continue to gain control of their excessive drinking in the natural course of events with or without exposure to alcoholism treatment.

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Alcohol availability and consumption: Iowa sales data revisited.

Cited by 32 publications

References 4 publications

Opinions on the Privatization of Distilled-Spirits Sales in Washington State: Did Voters Change Their Minds?

Opinions on the Privatization of Distilled-Spirits Sales in Washington State: Did Voters Change Their Minds?

A Review of Alcohol and Other Drug Control Policy Research

What if alcoholism had not been invented? The dynamics of American alcohol mythology

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