Alcohol and macronutrient intake patterns are related to general and central adiposity

Brandhagen, Martin; Forslund, Heléne Bertéus; Lissner, Lauren; Winkvist, Anna; Lindroos, Anna‐Karin; Carlsson, Lena; Sjöström, Lars; Larsson, Ingrid

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.189

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…None of these studies however evaluated the effect of substituting a proportion of any macronutrient intake with that of another. In line with our finding, observational studies have shown a positive association of protein intake with percent body fat [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In a prospective study, a higher intake of dietary protein, substituted for either carbohydrate or fat, was found to be related to increased body weight and BMI after a six-year follow-up, an increase mainly attributed to increased body fat mass [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Association of Dietary Proportions of Macronutrients with Visceral Adiposity Index: Non-Substitution and Iso-Energetic Substitution Models in a Prospective Study

et al. 2015

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We aimed to investigate associations between dietary macronutrient proportions and prospective visceral adiposity index changes (ΔVAI). The study included 1254 adults (18–74 years), from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), who were followed for three years. Dietary intakes were assessed twice using food frequency questionnaires. Associations of dietary macronutrient with ΔVAI and risk of visceral adiposity dysfunction (VAD) after three years were investigated. The percentage of energy intake from protein in the total population, and from fat in women, were associated with higher increases in VAI. A 5% higher energy intake from protein substituted for carbohydrate, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was associated with higher ΔVAI. Higher energy intake from animal protein substituted for PUFAs was positively associated with ΔVAI. Substituting protein and PUFAs with MUFAs were related to higher ΔVAI. The associations were similar in men and women, but reached significance mostly among women. Risk of VAD was increased when 1% of energy from protein was replaced with MUFAs. Substituting protein for carbohydrate and fat, and fat for carbohydrate, resulted in increased risk of VAD in women. Higher dietary proportions of protein and animal-derived MUFA may be positively associated with ΔVAI and risk of VAD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Association of Dietary Proportions of Macronutrients with Visceral Adiposity Index: Non-Substitution and Iso-Energetic Substitution Models in a Prospective Study

et al. 2015

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“…Also, the current analyses did not control for race or socioeconomic factors. While we did control for gender, we were underpowered to fully evaluate gender differences, which have been shown to have a relationship with both sleep and eating patterns [24–26]. Participants were recruited for their sleep timing preferences and were not randomly selected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meal timing influences daily caloric intake in healthy adults

2014

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The role that meal pattern plays in weight regulation is a popular topic of scientific and common debate. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between meal timing with caloric intake and body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized that latemeal timing and eating closer to sleep onset time would be associated with greater energy intake and higher BMI. Participants included 59 individuals recruited from the community. Rest/activity patterns were assessed using seven days of wrist actigraphy, and caloric intake was evaluated using seven days of diet logs. Results demonstrated that the timing of meals was associated with overall energy intake but not with BMI. In multivariate analyses controlling for age, gender, sleep duration, and timing; eating more frequently, later timing of the last meal, and a shorter duration between last meal and sleep onset predicted higher total caloric intake. In a mediational model, eating frequency explained the relationship between eating closer to sleep onset and total caloric intake. Results suggest that later relative timing of meals, particularly eating close to sleep, could lead to weight gain due to a greater number of eating occasions and higher total daily caloric intake. These findings have important implications for the development of novel, time-based interventions for weight management.

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“…Many of the limitations stem from our sample size, which limits our statistical power to observe associations. The analyses did not control for race or socioeconomic factors, and for gender but were underpowered to fully evaluate gender differences, which have relationships with both sleep and eating patterns (Brandhagen et al, 2012; Cornier, Salzberg, Endly, Bessesen, & Tregellas, 2010; Lauderdale et al, 2006). Participants were recruited for their sleep timing preferences, and were not randomly selected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of evening macronutrient intake to total caloric intake and body mass index

et al. 2013

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The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sleep timing and macronutrient intake as an approach towards better understanding of how sleep and eating affect weight regulation. Fifty-two volunteers (25 women) completed 7 days of wrist actigraphy and food logs. “Average sleepers” (56%) were defined as having a midpoint of sleep <5:30 am and “late sleepers” (44%) were defined as having a midpoint of sleep ≥ 5:30 am. Data were analyzed using t-tests, correlations and regression. Late sleepers consumed a greater amount of protein fat and carbohydrates in the evening (defined as after 8:00 PM) but less fat in the 4 hours before sleep. Total protein, protein, carbohydrate, and fat consumed after 8:00 PM, protein consumed within 4 hours of sleep as well as the percentage of fat consumed after 8:00 were associated with higher BMI. The amount of protein and carbohydrates consumed within 4 hours of sleep and the amount and percentage of carbohydrate and fat consumed after 8:00 PM were associated with greater total calories. In multivariate analyses controlling for age, gender, sleep timing and duration, protein consumed 4 hours before sleep was associated with BMI; carbohydrates consumed after 8 pm, protein and carbohydrates consumed 4 hours before sleep were associated with higher total calories. Results indicate that evening intake of macronutrients and intake before sleep are not synonymous, particularly among late sleepers. Eating in the evening or before sleep may predispose individuals to weight gain through higher total calories.

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Alcohol and macronutrient intake patterns are related to general and central adiposity

Cited by 27 publications

References 40 publications

Association of Dietary Proportions of Macronutrients with Visceral Adiposity Index: Non-Substitution and Iso-Energetic Substitution Models in a Prospective Study

Association of Dietary Proportions of Macronutrients with Visceral Adiposity Index: Non-Substitution and Iso-Energetic Substitution Models in a Prospective Study

Meal timing influences daily caloric intake in healthy adults

Contribution of evening macronutrient intake to total caloric intake and body mass index

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