Alcohol and illicit drug use in people with diabetes

Pastor, Adam; Conn, Jennifer; MacIsaac, Richard J; Bonomo, Yvonne

doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30410-3

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Several cross‐sectional studies have suggested that cannabis has beneficial metabolic effects, 3,5,7,27–29 but prospective observational studies have not supported inverse associations with type 2 diabetes 8 . Cannabis intake stimulates appetite and increases the use of low nutritional value carbohydrates, and it promotes adipogenesis, which is expected to increase insulin resistance 4,30 . Consequently, the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) 8 cohort found an increased risk of prediabetes among current (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.15–2.38) and lifetime cannabis users (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.06–2.11) but no increased risk for manifest diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis use does not impact on type 2 diabetes: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study

et al. 2021

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Cannabis has effects on the insulin/glucose metabolism. As the use of cannabis and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes increase worldwide, it is important to examine the effect of cannabis on the risk of diabetes. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study by using 19 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables for lifetime cannabis use and 14 SNPs to instrument cannabis use disorder and linking these to type 2 diabetes risk using genome‐wide association study data (lifetime cannabis use [N = 184,765]; cannabis use disorder [2387 cases/48,985 controls], type 2 diabetes [74,124 cases/824,006 controls]). The MR analysis suggested no effect of lifetime cannabis use (inverse‐variance weighted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.00 [0.93–1.09], P value = 0.935) and cannabis use disorder (OR = 1.03 [0.99–1.08]) on type 2 diabetes. Sensitivity analysis to assess potential pleiotropy led to no substantive change in the estimates. This study adds to the evidence base that cannabis use does not play a causal role in type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis use does not impact on type 2 diabetes: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study

et al. 2021

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“…However, despite speculation about the potential metabolic effect of cannabinoids (31; 35), previous observational research has mostly applied cross-sectional designs and did not establish dose-response associations. Furthermore, existing observational research may have been subject to unaccounted confounding (cigarette smoking), reverse causation (people who feel unwell and are at risk quit or cannot tolerate cannabis (4)), and measurement error (erroneous recall or social desirability).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the increasing prevalence of both medicinal and recreational cannabis, it is increasingly important to understand its impact on public health. Although several observational studies have reported that cannabis use had favorable metabolic associations (3)(4)(5), including a lower prevalence of diabetes (3; 6), and lower glucose levels (7), evidence that cannabis is causally linked to the development of type 2 diabetes is insufficient. The current literature is limited by a preponderance of cross-sectional study designs (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis use and risk of type 2 diabetes: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Baumeister

Nolde²,

Alayash³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Cannabis has effects on the insulin/glucose metabolism. As the use of cannabis and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes increase worldwide, it is important to examine the effect of cannabis on the risk of diabetes. We conducted a Mendelian randomization study by using 19 single-nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables for lifetime cannabis use and 14 SNPs to instrument cannabis use disorder, and linking these to type 2 diabetes risk using genome-wide association study data (lifetime cannabis use [N = 184,765]; cannabis use disorder [2,387 cases / 48,985 controls], type 2 diabetes [74,124 cases / 824 controls]). The MR analysis suggested no effect of lifetime cannabis use (inverse variance weighted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.00 [0.93-1.09], P-value = 0.935) and cannabis use disorder (OR = 1.03 [0.99-1.08]) on type 2 diabetes. Sensitivity analysis to assess potential pleiotropy led to no substantive change in the estimates. This study adds to the evidence base that cannabis use does not play a causal role in type 2 diabetes.

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“…Furthermore, being monitored was more common in those with HIV exposure through male-tomale sexual contact or injecting drug use. Possibly, clinicians prioritise testing key populations as they may be suspected to exhibit risk behaviours, such as illicit drug use, which put them at greater risk of developing CKD and diabetes [38][39][40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Expanded HIV Care Cascade: ART Uptake, Viral Load Suppression and Comorbidity Monitoring among Adults Living with HIV in Asia

et al. 2019

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Background: Comprehensive treatment and clinical management are central to improving outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV). We explored trends in HIV clinical care, treatment outcomes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes monitoring. Methods: We included patients ≥18 years in care at ten clinical sites in eight Asian countries. Proportions of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), with annual viral load, and with viral load suppression (VLS; <1,000 copies/ml) were estimated by year for 2011- 2016, stratified by country income level (lower-middle income [LMIC] and high-income countries [HIC]). Among those on ART in 2016 we evaluated factors associated with annual CKD and diabetes monitoring.Results: Among 31,346 patients (67% male), the proportions of patients on ART (median ART initiation year 2011, IQR 2007-2013), with annual viral load and VLS had substantially increased by 2016 (to 94%, 42% and 92%, respectively, in LMIC and 95%, 97% and 93%, respectively, in HIC) with the larger increases over time seen in LMIC. Among those on ART in 2016, monitoring proportions in LMIC were 53% for CKD and 26% for diabetes compared with 83% and 59%, respectively, in HIC. Overall, a decreased odds of monitoring was observed for male gender, heterosexual HIV exposure, no viral load and LMIC. Diabetes monitoring was also decreased in those with viral failure. Conclusions: Our findings highlight suboptimal monitoring of viral load, CKD and diabetes in PLHIV in Asia. There is a need for affordable and scalable monitoring options to improve the joint care for HIV and non-communicable diseases.Goals in the fight against HIV have transformed over time in line with the changing epidemic and improved treatment options. Following the scale up of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), the current focus is on ending AIDS as a public health threat [1], which entails reducing the global HIV incidence to 200,000 or fewer new cases a year [2]. Landmark studies have shown that ART initiation in earlier stages of HIV infection,

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Alcohol and illicit drug use in people with diabetes

Cited by 25 publications

References 90 publications

Cannabis use does not impact on type 2 diabetes: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study

Cannabis use does not impact on type 2 diabetes: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study

Cannabis use and risk of type 2 diabetes: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

An Expanded HIV Care Cascade: ART Uptake, Viral Load Suppression and Comorbidity Monitoring among Adults Living with HIV in Asia

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