Alcohol and Ethnography: A Case of Problem Deflation? [and Comments and Reply]

Room, Robin; Agar, Michael; Beckett, Jeremy; Bennett, Linda A.; Casswell, Sally; Heath, Dwight B.; Leland, Joy; Levy, Jerrold E.; Madsen, William; Marshall, Mac; Moskalewicz, Jacek; Negrete, Juan Carlos; Rodin, Miriam B.; Sackett, Lee; Sargent, Margaret J.; Strug, David; Waddell, Jack O.

doi:10.1086/203107

Cited by 148 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…En contrepartie selon Room (1984Room ( , 1988, le sous-champ anthropologique des typologies socioculturelles omet d'observer les dysfonctionnements dans le système socioculturel lié à l'alcool lorsque la consommation excessive est socialement et culturellement admise et permise. Dans cette optique, ceci revient à considérer que l'alcool offre toujours des gains pour la société ou le groupe socioculturel (Room, 1984).…”

Section: Contributions Et Limites De L'approche Socioculturelleunclassified

“…Dans cette optique, ceci revient à considérer que l'alcool offre toujours des gains pour la société ou le groupe socioculturel (Room, 1984). La méthodologie des études anthropologiques, fondée sur des données ethnographiques, est aussi critiquée, notamment en ce qui concerne la difficulté de comparer les sociétés ou les groupes sociaux entre eux (Heath, 1987 ;Room, 1984 ;Marshall, 1976 ;Wilson, 2005).…”

Section: Contributions Et Limites De L'approche Socioculturelleunclassified

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Historicité des études typologiques en alcoologie

Fortin

2016

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Différentes manières de boire l’alcool sont perceptibles et différentes manières de concevoir la consommation d’alcool le sont également. Afin de « départager » ou « distinguer » les individus et groupes sociaux selon leur pratique de boire, différentes approches conceptuelles ont été utilisées à travers les époques, proposant des classifications des buveurs et buveuses en grands types. Un « type » est une conception abstraite qui regroupe et distingue les sujets ou les objets à partir de traits qu’ils ont en commun. En alcoologie, certaines typologies visent précisément à distinguer les buveurs problématiques ou pathologiques des buveurs non problématiques ou non pathologiques. D’autres typologies visent plutôt à distinguer les sociétés en fonction des pratiques de boire dominantes dans la population. Afin de souligner la contribution de chercheurs d’horizons d’études divers au développement de typologies en alcoologie et d’exposer l’historicité d’un domaine de recherche multidisciplinaire, ce texte fait état des connaissances des recherches typologiques du XXe et XXIe siècle des approches pathologiques et socioculturelles afin d’ouvrir la discussion sur les défis futurs en alcoologie des populations.

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Section: Contributions Et Limites De L'approche Socioculturelleunclassified

Historicité des études typologiques en alcoologie

Fortin

2016

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“…Anthropological literature about drinking (Singer 1986(Singer , 2012Room et al 1984;Room 1992Room , 2013Room & Mäkelä 2000;Douglas 1987;Hunt & Barker 2001;Dietler 2006;Heath 1975Heath , 1987bHeath , 2010Everett et al 2011Everett et al [1976 ;Spicer 1997;Mandelbaum 1965;Marshall et al 2001;Marshall 1983;Sulkunen 2002) seems to oscillate between two poles and the dilemma of anthropological alcohol studies lies in the predicament of this polarity. Some of the authors claim that anthropologists systematically underestimate the bad effects of alcohol on community life (Room et al 1984), while others claim that the discussion on alcohol ignores the important functions of drinking within society (Heath 2007(Heath , 2010.…”

Section: A Non-normative Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the authors claim that anthropologists systematically underestimate the bad effects of alcohol on community life (Room et al 1984), while others claim that the discussion on alcohol ignores the important functions of drinking within society (Heath 2007(Heath , 2010. Arguments from both sides seem to be valid, but consider a functionalist perspective that examines human behaviour under the aspect of either a positive or negative outcome for social life.…”

Section: A Non-normative Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Do You Respect Me?’ Drinking as a Social Catalyst in the Reindeer Herding Communities of European Russia and Western Siberia

Dudeck

2015

FEJF

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This paper 1 analyses alcohol consumption amongst the indigenous communities of reindeer herders in the Russian North. It introduces the metaphor of the social catalyst to interpret a broad range of effects and motivations linked with drinking practices and discourses associated with alcohol. An anthropological fieldwork methodology allows entry into the sphere of cultural intimacy in order to understand morally suspicious practices usually hidden from the outside world. A non-normative approach is suggested to escape the moral trap of the 'social problem' discourse. Two main patterns of drinking practices, the 'losing face together' and the 'competitive drinking' spree are identified. Whereas the first can be associated with local traditions, the second is linked with male interaction with and within the settler communities. Transgressive practices causing loss of control are examined for their social function and the different notions of 'strength' associated with drinking practices. All of them serve either to confirm, to transcend or to abandon social boundaries, status roles and relationships, which allows us to speak about alcohol as a social catalyst.

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“…11 En algunos casos se ha considerado que el alcoholismo es una noción occidental, lo que introduce el debate sobre los "síndromes culturalmente delimitados" (culture-bound syndromes), una categoría polisémica y flexible que ha sido cuestionada por considerársele hasta cierto punto etnocéntrica, ya que hace referencia a padecimientos "folk" no reconocibles por la biomedicina y que casi siempre se sitúan en sociedades no occidentales.…”

Section: Juego De Perspectivasunclassified

Jóvenes, alcohol y riesgo: una mirada crítica desde las teorías socio-culturales

Amezcua

Ramírez²

2014

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Resumen AbstractEste trabajo centra su interés en las difíciles relaciones entre las disciplinas sanitarias y sociales ante un problema complejo como el consumo de alcohol. La cuestión es si la práctica científica tiene capacidad para disminuir los riesgos, o por el contrario es necesario protegerse de los peligros que ella misma produce. Los cientí-ficos sociales se quejan del poco uso que la medicina hace del gran acervo existente sobre el fenómeno del alcoholismo con base en la cultura, a la vez que critica la ineficacia de los abordajes biomédicos. Se resalta la importancia de un análisis contextualizado del consumo de alcohol que tenga en cuenta la función y las consecuencias a partir de la estructura social que le da significación colectiva y subjetiva. Se manifiestan las paradojas actuales en el gobierno de las dependencias. Y de cara al fenómeno del consumo colectivo de alcohol entre los jóvenes, se sugieren abordajes alternativos que incorporen los significados y la capacidad de intervención de los propios sujetos. Palabras clave: Construcción social del riesgo. Consumo colectivo de alcohol. Jóve-nes y salud. Antropología de la salud. YOUTH, ALCOHOL AND RISK: A CRITICAL VIEW FROM THE SOCIO-CULTURAL THEORIESThis work focuses its interest in the difficult relationships between health and social disciplines when facing a complex problem as alcohol consumption. The question is whether the scientific practice has the capacity to reduce risks, or on the contrary it is necessary to protect ourselves from the dangers which it produces. Social scientists complain about the limited use that medicine makes of the vast existing heritage about the cultural-based alcoholism. At the same time scientists criticize the inefficiency of biomedical approaches. In this article, we highlight the importance of a contextualized analysis about the alcohol consumption that takes into account the functions and consequences from the social structure that gives it collective and subjective significance. Current paradoxes in the social government of dependencies are manifested. Looking to the phenomenon of collective consumption of alcohol among young people, we suggest alternative approaches that incorporate the meanings and intervention capacity of the subjects themselves.

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Alcohol and Ethnography: A Case of Problem Deflation? [and Comments and Reply]

Cited by 148 publications

References 19 publications

Historicité des études typologiques en alcoologie

Historicité des études typologiques en alcoologie

‘Do You Respect Me?’ Drinking as a Social Catalyst in the Reindeer Herding Communities of European Russia and Western Siberia

Jóvenes, alcohol y riesgo: una mirada crítica desde las teorías socio-culturales

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