Alcohol and Disinhibition

Källmén, Håkan; Gustafson, Roland

doi:10.1159/000018948

Cited by 59 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…Research suggests that restrained individuals, for instance, may eat more following alcohol administration (Polivy & Herman, 1976), though this effect has failed to replicate in paradigms that differ from the original experiment (e.g. Källmen & Gustafson, 1998; Poppitt, et al, 1996). Alternatively, it is possible that overeating in response to alcohol consumption is moderated by factors like impulsivity, a hypothesis that has not yet been empirically examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of alcohol use to weight loss in the context of behavioral weight loss treatment

et al. 2016

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Despite common wisdom that reducing alcohol intake will facilitate weight loss, little research has examined whether participants in behavioral weight loss treatments actually decrease their alcohol intake, or whether reduced alcohol intake relates to weight loss outcomes in this context. This study examined the relationship of alcohol use to energy intake excluding alcohol and to weight in 283 overweight and obese adults participating in a 26-session behavioral weight loss treatment. The majority of participants consumed low to moderate levels of alcohol at baseline. Participants who consumed alcohol at baseline meaningfully reduced their alcohol intake by end-of-treatment. Alcohol use did not relate to weight at baseline or end-of-treatment when controlling for relevant demographic variables, and change in alcohol use was unrelated to weight change in the overall sample during treatment. However, end-of-treatment alcohol intake did relate to end-of-treatment energy intake excluding alcohol. In addition, behavioral impulsivity and change in alcohol intake interacted to predict weight loss, such that decreases in alcohol intake were associated with greater percent weight loss at end-of-treatment for participants with higher levels of impulsivity. Alcohol consumption may lead to overeating episodes, and highly impulsive individuals may be at risk for increased energy intake during or after episodes of drinking. Therefore, the recommendation to reduce alcohol intake in the context of behavioral weight loss treatment seems warranted, particularly for individuals with high levels of impulsivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of alcohol use to weight loss in the context of behavioral weight loss treatment

et al. 2016

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“…The same is true of EtOH. At moderate doses, EtOH increases social behavior in humans (Källmén and Gustafson, 1998) and aggression in mice (DeBold and Miczek, 1985), while social interaction can modulate EtOH consumption. In this regard, rats paired with an intoxicated cage-mate will voluntarily consume more ethanol than rats paired with a sober companion (Fernandez-Vidal and Molina, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol Induces Conditioned Social Preference in Male Mice

Kent

Butler

Wood

2014

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background Affiliative social interactions promote alcohol consumption, and alcohol also promotes affiliative behavior. Furthermore, for most species, moderate doses of ethanol (EtOH) and social affiliation are each rewarding. However, animal studies of drug and EtOH reward typically test individuals in isolation. To address social dimensions of EtOH reward, the present study tested EtOH-induced conditioned social preference in male C57BL/6 mice with (ORCHX+T) and without (ORCHX) testosterone. Methods ORCHX+T males received EtOH (0, 1, 2 or 3g/kg) ip and were paired 4x for 30 min each with 1 of 2 stimulus males: with the CS-stimulus male after saline injection, and with the CS+ male following EtOH. After pairing, time spent with CS+ and CS− males was measured in a 10 min test. Results ORCHX+T test males showed conditioned preference for the CS+ male in response to 3 g/kg EtOH (change in preference: +71.3±30.0 sec/10 min, p<0.05), but not for 0, 1 or 2g/kg. By contrast, ORCHX males did not demonstrate conditioned preference for 3g/kg EtOH (+16.0±24.3 sec/10 min, p>0.05). In separate groups of mice, stimulus males (IS+) received EtOH during pairing to determine if test mice prefer another intoxicated mouse. Both ORCHX+T and ORCHX test mice showed an increase in preference score for the IS+ mouse (ORCHX+T: +68.1±24.0 sec, ORCHX: +58.9±19.6 sec, p<0.05). Conclusions These data demonstrate that EtOH promotes social preference in male mice, as it does in females. Testosterone enhances this effect.

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“…Prior research has established a connection between impulsivity and alcohol use [16,17,18,19]as well as injuries, such as those due to traffic accidents [20,21,22,23,24] and violence [25]. Impulsivity may serve as a common cause of both alcohol use and injury [14,26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violent Behavior and Driving under the Influence of Alcohol: Prevalence and Association with Impulsivity among Individuals in Treatment for Alcohol Dependence in Poland

et al. 2013

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Background: Driving while intoxicated or under the influence (DUI; for the purposes of this paper, we use the following terms synonymously: driving under the influence, driving while intoxicated, and drunk driving) and engaging in interpersonal violence are two injury-related problems of high public health importance that have both been linked to alcohol consumption. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of DUI and violence in a sample of individuals in treatment for alcohol dependence in Poland. Patient characteristics associated with DUI and violence involvement, with a particular focus on impulsivity, were examined. Methods: Three hundred and sixty-four patients consecutively admitted to four alcohol treatment programs in Warsaw, Poland participated in this study. Questions concerning history of interpersonal violence as well as those about DUI were derived from the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test. Impulsivity level was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and the stop-signal task. Results: Among all participants in the study, 148 (40.1%) had been arrested in the past for DUI, and 196 (55%) reported involvement in a fight under the influence of alcohol (FUI). The DUI group had a significantly earlier onset of alcohol problems, a longer period of heavy alcohol use, and fewer women in comparison to participants without a DUI history. FUI patients were significantly younger, with a younger average age of onset of drinking problems, longer period of heavy drinking, and lower percentage of women than the non-FUI group. Conclusion: Both of the self-reported measures of impulsivity indicated a higher level of impulsivity among participants from the FUI group than those from the non-FUI group.

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Alcohol and Disinhibition

Cited by 59 publications

References 135 publications

The relationship of alcohol use to weight loss in the context of behavioral weight loss treatment

The relationship of alcohol use to weight loss in the context of behavioral weight loss treatment

Ethanol Induces Conditioned Social Preference in Male Mice

Violent Behavior and Driving under the Influence of Alcohol: Prevalence and Association with Impulsivity among Individuals in Treatment for Alcohol Dependence in Poland

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