Alcohol and coronary heart disease: the roles of HDL‐cholesterol and smoking

Mänttäri, Matti; Tenkanen, Leena; Alikoski, Tiina; Manninen, Vesa

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1997.98108000.x

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Although several significant reviews have documented the occurrence of U-shaped dose-responses in biological and toxicological systems (9,10,17,18,22), such responses have also been commonly seen in numerous pharmacological investigations (8) as well as for endpoints of considerable public health significance, including body weight and longevity (1-3, 20, 30, 36, 40, 48, 62, 63, 80-83, 89), cholesterol and longevity (28, 47), alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease incidence (33,49,50,52,54,56), and exercise intensity/duration and immune responsive disease resistance (6,29,39,53,57,71). The occurrences of U-shaped dose-responses are thus widely and independently observed phenomena.…”

Section: Publications With U-shaped Dose-responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

U-Shaped Dose-Responses in Biology, Toxicology, and Public Health

Calabrese

Baldwin

2001

Annu. Rev. Public Health

304

185

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The occurrence of U-shaped dose-response relationships (often termed hormesis) has been documented in numerous biological, toxicological, and pharmacological investigations. Many of the endpoints studied are of considerable significance to public health (e.g. body weight, cholesterol levels, ethanol consumption, longevity, cancer incidence, etc). Despite the fact that U-shaped dose-responses are widely and independently observed, little attempt has been made to assess this phenomenon in an integrative manner. This review provides an overview of the historical foundations of hormesis and a discussion of its definition within a mechanistic framework. The occurrence, generalizability, and biological significance of U-shaped dose-response relationships along with the concept of biological optimality are addressed.

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Section: Publications With U-shaped Dose-responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

U-Shaped Dose-Responses in Biology, Toxicology, and Public Health

Calabrese

Baldwin

2001

Annu. Rev. Public Health

304

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Well known factors that have a beneficial effect on the abundance of apo AI protein include: physical excercise (Huttunen et al 1979, Ballantyne et al 1982, Danner et al 1984, alcohol consumption (McConnell et al 1997, Manttari et al 1997) and being female (Heiss et al 1980). These factors increase concentrations of apo AI protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal regulation of apolipoprotein AI

Hargrove¹,

Junco²,

Wong³

1999

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) is the major protein component of the serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. The antiatherogenic properties of apo AI alone or as part of HDL and their inverse correlation with the incidence of coronary heart disease underlie the clinical importance of the protein. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which apo AI is regulated will help us develop new and better ways to manipulate expression of the protein. Although there are many factors that influence apo AI expression, endogenous hormones are attractive because simple changes in abundance of these compounds will alter gene activity. Hormones belonging to the thyroid/steroid family that influence activity of the gene include thyroid hormone, glucocorticoids, gender-specific steroids and retinoic acid. Whereas thyroid, glucocorticoid and estradiol enhance activity of the gene, retinoic acid and androgens decrease it. The mechanisms that mediate the effects of the hormones include direct effects of the ligand and nuclear receptor complex on gene activity. However, indirect means involving the participation of transcription factors other than the hormone receptors are also possible. In summary, members of the same hormone family may have different mechanisms that mediate their activities on apo AI gene activity.

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“…However, in a Finnish study 35 with a limited number of cardiovascular events analyzed, the authors observed that the protective effect associated with alcohol consumption was limited to smokers. This may be explained by the highest absolute risk in smokers, which increases the potential benefits of protective factors.…”

Section: Effects Of Alcohol On Cardiovascular Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Population-based evidence shows higher levels of HDL-C in individuals drinking alcoholic beverages 35,36 . However, only 50% of the protective effect may be explained by an increase in HDL-C 28 .…”

Section: Effects Of Alcohol On Cardiovascular Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and atherosclerosis

Foppa

Fuchs²,

Duncan³

2001

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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Observational studies have attributed a protective effect to alcohol consumption on the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Alcohol intake in the amount of one to two drinks per day results in an estimated 20-40% reduction in cardiovascular events. An additional protective effect, according to major cohort studies, has been attributed to wine, probably due to antioxidant effects and platelet antiaggregation agents. On the other hand, the influence of different patterns of alcohol consumption and environmental factors may explain a great part of the additional effect of wine. Protection may be mediated by modulation of other risk factors, because alcohol increases HDL-C, produces a biphasic response on blood pressure, and modulates the endothelial function, while it neither increases body weight nor impairs glucose-insulin homeostasis. Alcohol may also have a direct effect on atherogenesis. Despite these favorable effects, the current evidence is not enough to justify prescribing alcohol to prevent cardiovascular disease

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Alcohol and coronary heart disease: the roles of HDL‐cholesterol and smoking

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

U-Shaped Dose-Responses in Biology, Toxicology, and Public Health

U-Shaped Dose-Responses in Biology, Toxicology, and Public Health

Hormonal regulation of apolipoprotein AI

Alcohol and atherosclerosis

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