Alcanivorax dieselolei sp. nov., a novel alkane-degrading bacterium isolated from sea water and deep-sea sediment

Abstract

Two bacterial strains, B-5 T and NO1A, were isolated from the surface water of the Bohai Sea and deep-sea sediment of the east Pacific Ocean, respectively. Both strains were halophilic, aerobic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, catalase-and oxidase-positive motile rods. They grew on a restricted spectrum of organic compounds, including some organic acids and alkanes. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strains B-5 T and NO1A were shown to belong to the c-Proteobacteria. Highest similarity values were found with Alcanivorax venustensis (95?2 %), Alcanivorax jadensis (94?6 %) and Alcanivorax borkumensis (94?1 %). Principal fatty acids of both strains were C 16 : 0 , C 16 : 1 v7c and C 18 : 1 v7c. The chemotaxonomically characteristic fatty acid C 19 : 0 cyclo v8c was also detected. On the basis of the above, together with results of physiological and biochemical tests, DNA-DNA hybridization, comparisons of 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer sequences and comparisons of the partial deduced amino acid sequence of alkane hydroxylase, both strains were affiliated to the genus Alcanivorax but were differentiated from recognized Alcanivorax species. Therefore, a novel species, Alcanivorax dieselolei sp. nov., represented by strains B-5 T and NO1A is proposed, with the type strain B-5 T (=DSM 16502 T =CGMCC 1.3690 T ).The genus Alcanivorax comprises three recognized species at present. The type species, Alcanivorax borkumensis, was first described in 1998 to accommodate Gram-negative, halophilic, aerobic c-Proteobacteria that use aliphatic hydrocarbons as the sole source of carbon and energy . A second species, Alcanivorax venustensis, was subsequently described and the misclassified species [Fundibacter] jadensis was assigned to Alcanivorax jadensis (Fernández-Martínez et al., 2003). Since 1998, the isolation of Alcanivorax species, or detection of their 16S rRNA gene sequences, from diverse habitats worldwide has been reported increasingly. Thus they are regarded as cosmopolitan bacteria. This group of marine bacteria exclusively uses petroleum oil hydrocarbons as sources of carbon and energy, and has been used for bioremediative interventions in polluted marine and coastal systems. In addition, Alcanivorax species have obvious potential to produce biocatalysts in non-polluting industrial processes and to act as a biosensor for in situ monitoring of aromatic or aliphatic compounds (Golyshin et al., 2003).Strain B-5 T was isolated from oil-contaminated surface water of the Bohai Sea at the Yellow River dock of Shengli oilfield in November 2001; this dock had suffered a long period of crude oil pollution. A second strain, designated NO1A, was retrieved from a deep-sea sediment sample in the east Pacific Ocean. This was collected by a multi-core sampler from Pacific nodule region A station (7 u 139 460 N, 153u 529 190 W, 5027 m water depth), a specific area with polymetallic nodules abundant on the sea bottom, during cruise DY105-11 of DAYANG Number 1 in 2001. The sediment samples were loaded into steri...

Obligate oil-degrading marine bacteria

“…dieselolei [10], C. pugetii [11], and C. oligotrophus [12], and more nutritionally versatile species with less restricted substrate profiles, like A. venustensis and C. spirillensus [9,13]. The three other genera of the OHCB group, despite being represented by numerous members, are monophyletic and represented by the three type species Oleiphilus messinensis [14], Oleispira antarctica [15] and Thalassolituus oleivorans [16].…”

“…The GenBank and RDP databases currently contain 16S rRNA gene sequences of 59 Thalassolituus-like bacteria originating from microbial communities inhabiting both marine (Baltic, Barents, Mediterranean, North, Okhotsk and South China seas, and the Atlantic, Pacific and Polar oceans) and terrestrial environments (subsurface caves and ground waters) [34,35]. In contrast, all of the 38 sequences in the databases assigned to the genus Cycloclasticus were retrieved exclusively from marine microbial communities, or PAH-supplemented enrichments thereof [10,12,36,37].…”

Alcanivorax pacificus sp. nov., isolated from a deep-sea pyrene-degrading consortium

“…Therefore, on the basis of its morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, together with the results of phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA and gyrB gene Table 1. Characteristics of strain W11-5 T and closely related members of the genus Alcanivorax Taxa: 1, W11-5 T (data from this study); 2, A. dieselolei B-5 T (data from Liu & Shao, 2005a); 3, A. balearicus MACL04 T (Rivas et al, 2007); 4, A. hongdengensis A-11-3 T (Wu et al, 2009); 5, A. venustensis ISO4 T (Fernández-Martínez et al, 2003); 6, A. borkumensis SK2 T (Yakimov et al, 1998); 7, A. jadensis T9 T (Bruns & Berthe-Corti, 1999;Fernández-Martínez et al, 2003). Tests for catalase and oxidase activities and tests in the API 20 NE and API ZYM systems were performed in parallel for all seven type strains.…”

Ruegeria pelagia is a later heterotypic synonym of Ruegeria mobilis

“…pelagia NBRC 102038 T and R. mobilis NBRC 101030 T were obtained from the NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), Chiba, Japan. Genomic DNA was prepared according to the method of Ausubel et al (1995) and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR using previously described primers (Liu & Shao, 2005). Sequences of related taxa were obtained from the GenBank database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/).…”

“…In the tree, the two strains formed a clade within the genus Ruegeria. DNA-DNA hybridization between genomic DNA from R. pelagia NBRC 102038 T and R. mobilis NBRC 101030 T was performed as described previously (Liu & Shao, 2005) with duplicate reciprocal hybridizations. Genomic DNA from Escherichia coli DH5a was used as an outgroup sample.…”