Alarmins and Antitumor Immunity

Nie, Yingjie; Yang, De; Oppenheim, Joost J.

doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.03.021

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…Elevated levels of alarmins can be seen in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions as well as certain types of cancer, especially that High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and IL-33 are known to play roles in antitumor immune response [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alarmins HMGB1, IL-33, S100A7, and S100A12 in Psoriasis Vulgaris

Borský

Fiala

Andrýs

et al. 2020

Mediators of Inflammation

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Background. Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with systemic inflammation. Increased levels of numerous cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other molecules were found in the skin and in the circulation of psoriatic patients. Alarmins, also known as danger signals, are intracellular proteins, which are released to an extracellular space after infection or damage. They are the markers of cell destructive processes. Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the suitability of selected alarmins (HMGB1, IL-33, S100A7, and S100A12) as potential biomarkers of severity of psoriasis and to explore possible relationships between these proteins for the purpose of better understanding their roles in the immunopathology of psoriasis. Methods. The serum levels of selected alarmins were measured in 63 psoriatic patients and 95 control individuals. The levels were assessed by the ELISA technique using commercial kits. The data were statistically processed with MedCalc version 19.0.5. Results. In psoriatic patients, we found significantly increased levels of HMGB1 (p<0.05), IL-33 (p<0.01), S100A7 (p<0.0001), and S100A12 (p<0.0001). In addition, we found a significant relationship between HMGB1 and S100A7 (Spearman’s rho=0.276, p<0.05) in the patients and significant relationship between HMGB1 and IL-33 in the controls (Spearman’s rho=0.416, p<0.05). We did not find any relationship between observed alarmins and the disease severity. Conclusions. The alarmins HMGB1, IL-33, S100A7, and S100A12 were significantly elevated in the serum of patients, which states the hypothesis that they play specific roles in the immunopathology of psoriasis. However, we have not yet found a relationship between observed alarmins and the disease severity. The discovery of the relationship between HMGB1 and S100A7 is a novelty that should be studied in the future to further clarify its role and importance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alarmins HMGB1, IL-33, S100A7, and S100A12 in Psoriasis Vulgaris

Borský

Fiala

Andrýs

et al. 2020

Mediators of Inflammation

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“…The function of these proteins in transcription, DNA repair and cancer progression have been partly established (3,4,17,18). The results of recent studies have demonstrated that HMGN1 may be a promising clinical biomarker for several types of cancer (19,20). Similarly, the expression of HMGN5 (previously known as NSBP1) is highly regulated in various types of human cancer, including prostate, bladder, breast, lung and clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased expression of high-mobility group nucleosomal-binding domain 2 protein in various tumor cell lines

Chen

et al. 2018

Oncol Lett

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Abstract. High mobility group nucleosomal-binding domain 2 (HMGN2) is an abundant non-histone nuclear protein of vertebrates and invertebrates. The aim of the present study was to characterize the endogenous expression of HMGN2 in various types of tumor cell. Western blotting was performed to analyze HMGN2 expression in the following tumor cell lines: H1975, HSC-4, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, SCC-25 and THP-1. Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) were included as a noncancerous control. HMGN2 was detected in human oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues by immunohistochemical analysis. The results demonstrated that the expression of HMGN2 was increased in the majority of tumor cell lines, particularly MDA-MB-468 and THP-1 cells, compared with PDLCs. The expression of HMGN2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue was significantly increased compared with the expression in normal tissue. Furthermore, the expression of HMGN2 in metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues was increased compared with that in its non-metastatic counterpart. These results indicated that HMGN2 may serve an important function in the growth and metastasis of tumor cells.

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“…The alarmins are constitutively available endogenous molecules released from the granules, cytosol, or nucleus of cells by cell injury or other stimuli. In the extracellular milieu, they function as intercellular signals that mobilize cells by interacting with chemotactic receptors such as G-protein-coupled receptors (GiPCRs) and, in addition, activate cells by interacting with receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (Nie et al 2016). It has been very surprising that chromatin-binding proteins such as HMGB1, HMGN1, IL-33, and IL-1α also have extracellular functions and are potent in inducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines.…”

Section: Novel Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of the Cytokine Discipline

Oppenheim

2017

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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The study of cytokines has evolved from the detection of functional activities present in tissue culture supernatants to the characterization of the three-dimensional molecular structures of the cytokines and their receptors. Investigators studying cytokines need to have specialized expertise in using cytokine assays, assessing their receptor interactions, signal transduction, gene activation, and biological effects, and in the therapeutic utilization of agonists and antagonists. Cytokinology can therefore be considered a discipline. In this article, I have considered studies leading to the identification of novel cytokines, potential producers of cytokine mimics such as viruses and the microbiome, and the complex interactions of the cytokine network with our vital functions. Our ever-increasing success in using cytokines and, in particular, cytokine inhibitors therapeutically suggest that cytokinology will eventually become an independent discipline.

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Alarmins and Antitumor Immunity

Cited by 44 publications

References 151 publications

Alarmins HMGB1, IL-33, S100A7, and S100A12 in Psoriasis Vulgaris

Alarmins HMGB1, IL-33, S100A7, and S100A12 in Psoriasis Vulgaris

Increased expression of high-mobility group nucleosomal-binding domain 2 protein in various tumor cell lines

The Future of the Cytokine Discipline

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