Alarm response by a plethodontid salamander (Desmognathus ochrophaeus): Conspecific and heterospecific “Schreckstoff”

Lutterschmidt, William I.; Marvin, Glenn A.; Hutchison, Victor H.

doi:10.1007/bf02098387

Cited by 45 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Avoidance of alarm cues of heterospecifics occurs among syntopic species that share predators; therefore cues from either species indicate danger to both. Cross-species reactions are known for marine mud snails (Snyder, 1967;Rahman et al, 2000), insects (Huryn and Chivers, 1999), insects and minnows , stickleback and minnows (Mathis and Smith, 1993a;Chivers and Smith, 1994a;Wisenden et al, 1995b), among stickleback species (Brown and Godin, 1997), among darter species (Smith, 1982;Commens and Mathis, 1999), minnows and darters , among salmonid species , tadpoles (Adams and Claeson, 1998), salamanders (Lutterschmidt et al, 1994;Chivers et al, 1997), and newts (Marvin and Hutchison, 1995).…”

Section: Chemically Mediated Strategies To Counter Predationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chemically Mediated Strategies to Counter Predation

Wisenden

2003

Sensory Processing in Aquatic Environments

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Predator-prey interactions govern the evolution of many behavioral and morphological traits of aquatic animals. In aquatic environments, chemical cues reliably allow prey to assess and avoid predation risk. In this chapter, I review the classes of chemical cues involved in a predation event and ways in which these cues mediate predator-prey interactions. Predators release signature odors that prey use to detect risk of predation. Prey release several types of cues. Chemical deterrents are noxious substances that are either synthesized de novo or acquired from the diet. Disturbance cues are released by startled but noninjured prey. Alarm cues are chemicals released by damaged tissue injured by a predator's attack, or after passage through the digestive system of a predator (dietary alarm cues). Prey species are adept at detecting the odor of predators. Experience plays a role in allowing prey to learn to associate risk with visual and chemical correlates of predation risk. Prey respond to chemical cues of predation risk by adopting antipredator behaviors, shifting foraging and reproductive behaviors in a risksensitive fashion, producing morphological defences, and by shifting life-history traits. Future work should be directed at a more precise knowledge of the mechanisms of chemical communication (the chemical nature of the cues and the physiology of olfactory receptors) and better understanding of the role of chemical cues in shaping multispecies ecosystems, preferably from field experiments.

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Section: Chemically Mediated Strategies To Counter Predationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chemically Mediated Strategies to Counter Predation

Wisenden

2003

Sensory Processing in Aquatic Environments

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“…Some animals, including fishes and salamanders, have been recorded displaying defensive behavior in response to chemical alarm signals from heterospecifics , Lutterschmidt et al 1994, Wisenden & Sargent 1997.…”

Section: Indirect Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Detection of Natural Enemies by Arthropods: An Ecological Perspective

Dicke

Grostal²

2001

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

236

158

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Food webs are overlaid with infochemical webs that mediate direct and indirect interactions. The infochemicals may result in shifts in trait values, which affect the strength of species interactions. As a consequence, population dynamics and evolutionary changes can be affected. Chemical information can mediate the interactions between animals and their resources, competitors and enemies. Of all chemical information gathered by animals, cues about predation risk are of special significance because predation risk usually has important and immediate consequences on fitness. In this paper we selectively review the role of chemical information in enemy avoidance by arthropods. Arthropods not only constitute important components of food webs, being the largest group in numbers and species diversity; they also make excellent models for ecological studies. We discuss the evidence, the key mechanisms, and the trade-offs involved in chemical detection of enemies by potential arthropod prey. Further, we address the variation in prey responses and the evidence for learning in avoiding enemies by arthropods. Finally, we identify and prioritize major questions to be tackled by future studies.

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“…Salamander Desmognathus ochrophaeus did not avoid denatured (heated) conspecific skin, fresh conspecific viscera, fresh mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), or fresh Plethodon richmondi (as heterospecific salamander) skin extracts. These results indicate that chemical alarm cues are present in the skin of tested salamander species, but are not present in meal-worm or the viscera of the experimental animal used (Lutterschmidt et al, 1994).…”

Section: Antipredator Chemosignals In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Antipredator pheromones in amphibians: a review

Rajchard¹

2006

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Specific chemosignals (pheromones) have an important role in the antipredator behaviour in amphibians and other vertebrates. However, relatively little is known about the occurrence of chemical alarm cues just in amphibians. The site of chemosignals perception is vomeronasal system. The presence of the vomeronasal system in aquatic amphibians indicates that it did not arise as an adaptation to terrestrial life. Predators may inhibit mate search of some species, and male newts probably take greater risks during the breeding season. Field tests demonstrated different responses to male newt extract -probably trade-off that incorporates risk and resource sensitivity. Response to chemical alarm signals has been documented for tadpoles of frog and for several species of salamander. The response of tadpoles to predator includes morphological modifications and influence of coloration, growth and development retardation. Tadpoles of Rana aurora release a chemical that provides conspecifics with an early warning of predator presence. Bufo boreas tadpoles living in the presence of conspecific alarm cues and chemosignals of specific predators reduce the time of metamorphosis in order to reduce the time in the presence of its predators. Presence of conspecific alarm substances in water and predators' waste products have an important role in the chemical detection of predators by tadpoles of Rana temporaria and Bufo bufo. Tadpoles of Rana utricularia significantly decreased the growth and increased the mortality of Hyla cinerea tadpoles on the basis of behavioral and chemical interference. Rana utricularia tadpoles apparently use both chemical interference and aggressive behavior in securing a competitive advantage over H. cinerea tadpoles. The response of tadpoles of Rana aurora to tadpoles of Taricha granulosa appear be similar to their response to tadpole extract in eliciting alarm, while insect-fed newts would have less of an effect since predators consuming other species may be less of a threat. In some cases (e.g. in Bufo bufo and B. calamita) chemosignals released in response to threat by predators (direct attack or detection of the predator scents) exert their effects across species.

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Alarm response by a plethodontid salamander (Desmognathus ochrophaeus): Conspecific and heterospecific “Schreckstoff”

Cited by 45 publications

References 39 publications

Chemically Mediated Strategies to Counter Predation

Chemically Mediated Strategies to Counter Predation

Chemical Detection of Natural Enemies by Arthropods: An Ecological Perspective

Antipredator pheromones in amphibians: a review

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