Alarm pheromone of pentatomid bug,Erthesina fullo Thunberg (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Abstract

In the pentatomid bug,Erthesina fullo Thunberg, the odor of male metathoracic scent gland elicits an alarm response, making the male individuals of the same species alert and disperse; the alarm response of males is more obvious than that of females. Chemical composition of the glandular secretion was identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry data in comparison with authentic compounds. No sexual dimorphism exists in the glandular composition in this species. A total of 9 compounds [(E)-2-hexenal, (E)-4-keto-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate,n-undecane,n-dodecane, (E)-2-decenal,n-tridecane, (E)-2-decenyl acetate, andn-pentadecane] are identified, among whichn-tridecane and (E)-4-keto-2-hexenal comprised nearly 70% of the total secretion in both females and males.

Identification of defensive compounds in metathoracic glands of adults of the stink bug Dichelops melacanthus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

“…[1][2][3] Numerous reports attest to the efficacy of the secretions of the metathoracic and abdominal scent glands as effective defenses against predation. 1,2,4 They also may have a role as alarm pheromones, 5 as has been demonstrated for similar types of compounds produced by bug species in other families. 6,7 Stink bug defensive compounds have received considerable study, and it has been shown that the types of compounds constituting the defensive chemical blends typically consist of alkane hydrocarbons and saturated and unsaturated aldehydes and esters.…”

Chemical alarm and defence in the oribatid mite Collohmannia gigantea (Acari: Oribatida)

“…In general, hydrocarbons in arthropod exocrine secretions frequently appear to be pheromonally inactive; they are mainly considered to act as solvents or spreading agents for pheromonal components (Calam and Youdeowei 1968;Kitamura et al 1984;Kou et al 1989). This situation is obviously also true for Astigmata and Oribatida, in which hydrocarbons constitute a typical fraction of oil gland secretions (Sakata et al 1995;Norton 2001, 2003;Raspotnig et al 2001Raspotnig et al , 2004bRaspotnig et al , 2005b.…”

A Chamber for Testing the Release of Volatile Substances Secreted by Animals, Especially Mammals, as Exemplified by Substances Released by Rats in Response to Stress

“…[14] Some of them were similar to alarm pheromones and defence substances secreted by insects (e.g., 1-butanol, benzaldehyde, tetradecane, pentadecane). [25,35,36] In line with the authors' Testing the Release of Volatile Substances 547 assumption, the main focus of the study shifts on the identifying short and medium chain hydrocarbons, aldehydes and esters. The action of these compounds will be analysed through assessment of the effects on the behavioural expression of fear in rats (using Auto-Track System, Columbus Instruments, Ohio, USA, Cat.…”