ALAD and APOE polymorphisms are associated with lead and mercury levels in Italian pregnant women and their newborns with adequate nutritional status of zinc and selenium

DNA damage and ALAD polymorphism in high blood lead (Pb) levels of pregnant women attending a tertiary care teaching hospital

“…One of the most well-studied polymorphisms is the ALAD2 allele, which results in reduced enzymatic activity compared to the more common ALAD1 allele. The ALAD2 allele has been associated with higher blood lead levels, suggesting that individuals carrying this variant may be more vulnerable to the toxic effects of lead exposure [9] , [11] , [26] . Our study reveled ALAD 1–2 genotype exhibited significantly longer tail lengths (mean difference = 20.4 µm, p < 0.001), higher tail intensities (mean difference = 15.2 arbitrary units, p < 0.001), and increased tail moments (mean difference = 3.8, p < 0.001).…”

“…DNA damage in pregnant women has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, developmental abnormalities, and long-term health consequences in offspring. Therefore, understanding the relationship between ALAD polymorphisms, high blood lead levels, and DNA damage in pregnant women is crucial for identifying individuals at higher risk of lead toxicity and developing targeted intervention strategies [9] .…”