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Abstract

Kernel samples of common and dwarf Brazilian cashew nuts were highly contaminated with field and storage fungi in comparison to healthy ones. In general, dwarf cashews were more contaminated than common. A total of 37 fungal species were identified. Aspergillus niger was the dominant species with more colonies being isolated from dwarf kernels. A. flavus was the next most frequently isolated species. Penicillium brevicompactum, and P. glabrum were the most frequently isolated penicillia, with higher contamination recorded from dwarf kernels. Chaetomium globosum was recorded at a high level. Nine species were recorded from cashew kernels for the first time. Multimycotoxin analysis by tlc and hplc were positive for mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites particularly from the infected samples. Hplc was only carried out on dwarf cashews. Aflatoxins were not detected by quantitative high performance thin layer chromatography.

Mechanochemical Defluorinative Acylation of ortho‐Hydroxyarylenaminones by CF3‐Compounds: Synthesis of 3‐Acylchromones

“…[18,19] From a synthetic point of view, 3-acylchromones are valuable precursors serving as electrophiles in 1,3nucleophilic addition, usually followed by pyrone ringopening, with subsequent cyclisation reactions yielding various (hetero)cyclic scaffolds, e. g. 2-hydroxybenzophenones, 6H-benzo[c]chromenes and benzo[c]coumarins. [20][21][22][23][24][25] Since 3-acylchromones are present in nature only scarcely (as metabolites of some plants [26] and fungi [27,28] ), it is thus necessary to develop facile and efficient synthetic protocols towards these compounds, enabling further study of their pharmacological properties as well as easy access to the valuable synthetic intermediates.…”

“…2‐hydroxybenzophenones, 6 H ‐benzo[ c ]chromenes and benzo[ c ]coumarins [20–25] . Since 3‐acylchromones are present in nature only scarcely (as metabolites of some plants [26] and fungi [27,28] ), it is thus necessary to develop facile and efficient synthetic protocols towards these compounds, enabling further study of their pharmacological properties as well as easy access to the valuable synthetic intermediates.…”

Major diseases of cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Caused by fungi and their control in Odisha, India

“…A new and undescribed Cryptosporiopsis species was consistently isolated from the nut and leaf lesions of cashew (Sutton, 1980). Some species potentially toxigenic fungi such as Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus clavatus, A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. ochraceus, A. ustus, Penicillium citrinum and P. oxalicum were frequently isolated from cashew kernels in Brazil (Freire and Kozakiewicz, 2005).…”