Abstract:Surgery of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has undergone substantial changes during the past years. Until the 1990s, radical nephrectomy together with ipsilateral adrenalectomy was considered the golden standard. Meanwhile it was demonstrated that tumours up to 4 cm in diameter and a normal contralateral kidney can be treated by partial nephrectomy (elective indication) without compromising oncological safety. Development of laparoscopy influenced renal surgery significantly. Currently, laparoscopic nephrectomy is … Show more
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