Akkermansia and Microbial Degradation of Mucus in Cats and Dogs: Implications to the Growing Worldwide Epidemic of Pet Obesity

García-Mazcorro, José F.; Minamoto, Yasushi; Kawas, Jorge R.; Suchodolski, Jan S.; Vos, Willem M. de

doi:10.3390/vetsci7020044

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 213 publications

(233 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, a recent review of the literature noted that compared to humans, Akkermansia spp. are not abundant in the GI tracts of cats and dogs, suggesting that these bacteria do not have a significant role in the microbial degradation of mucus in these animals (Garcia-Mazcorro et al, 2020).…”

Section: Inflammatory Enteropathiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease

et al. 2020

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The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome of cats and dogs is increasingly recognized as a metabolically active organ inextricably linked to pet health. Food serves as a substrate for the GI microbiome of cats and dogs and plays a significant role in defining the composition and metabolism of the GI microbiome. The microbiome, in turn, facilitates the host's nutrient digestion and the production of postbiotics, which are bacterially derived compounds that can influence pet health. Consequently, pet owners have a role in shaping the microbiome of cats and dogs through the food they choose to provide. Yet, a clear understanding of the impact these food choices have on the microbiome, and thus on the overall health of the pet, is lacking. Pet foods are formulated to contain the typical nutritional building blocks of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, but increasingly include microbiome-targeted ingredients, such as prebiotics and probiotics. Each of these categories, as well as their relative proportions in food, can affect the composition and/or function of the microbiome. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary components may impact not only GI disease, but also allergies, oral health, weight management, diabetes, and kidney disease through changes in the GI microbiome. Until recently, the focus of microbiome research was to characterize alterations in microbiome composition in disease states, while less research effort has been devoted to understanding how changes in nutrition can influence pet health by modifying the microbiome function. This review summarizes the impact of pet food nutritional components on the composition and function of the microbiome and examines evidence for the role of nutrition in impacting host health through the microbiome in a variety of disease states. Understanding how nutrition can modulate GI microbiome composition and function may reveal new avenues for enhancing the health and resilience of cats and dogs.

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Section: Inflammatory Enteropathiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease

et al. 2020

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“…and Eubacteria. Of interest, Akkermansia muciniphila, a well-known mucin degrading bacterium in humans, inversely correlated to obesity, was not yet identified in canine feces (Garcia-Mazcorro et al, 2020). Metabolic activities.…”

Section: Canine Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro models of the canine digestive tract as an alternative to in vivo assays: Advances and current challenges

Deschamps

2022

ALTEX

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Dogs occupy a full place in the family and their well-being is of paramount importance to their owners. Digestion, a complex process involving physicochemical, mechanical, and microbial parameters, plays a central in maintaining animals healthy. As in vivo studies in dogs are more and more restricted by ethical, regulatory, societal, and cost reasons, an alternative option resides in the use of in vitro models simulating the different parts of the canine gastrointestinal tract. This review paper first introduces digestion and gut microbiota as key factors in dog nutrition and health, under both healthy and diseased conditions (obesity and inflammatory bowel disease), by highlighting when relevant similarities or differences between human and canine digestion process. Then, we provide for the first time an in-depth description of currently available models of the canine digestive tract, discuss technical and scientific challenges that need to be addressed and introduce potential applications of in vitro gut models in food and veterinary fields. Even if the development of some in vitro models remains limited by a lack of in vivo data in dogs necessary for a relevant configuration and validation, translation of long-term expertise on human in vitro gut models to dog's ecosystem opens avenues for canine in vitro gut model development and their adaptation to specific digestive conditions associated to various ages, sizes, breeds and/or diets, under both physiological and diseased states. Introduction Dogs in familial and economical contextsCanis lupus familiaris, also known as domesticated dogs, belongs to Canidae family. Dog is maybe the first animal domesticated by human around 12.000 years ago (Axelsson et al., 2013). Dogs were initially strict carnivores, but during the agricultural revolution, they have probably acquired the ability to digest starch and became facultative carnivores (Axelsson et al., 2013). Nowadays, canine species include approximatively 400 breeds with high morphological and size variabilities and weight ranging from 1 kg for a Chihuahua to 100 kg for a Saint-Bernard (Grandjean and Haymann, 2010). Pets, especially dogs, occupy a full place in the family and their health and well-being are therefore of paramount importance to their owners.Dogs are estimated to be more than 500 million worldwide, which represents a huge market for petfood and animal health industry. In 2018, global petfood market size reached $91.1 billion, representing 31% increase within 5 years, with the need of constantly innovate (e.g., food, probiotics and prebiotics) (Phillips-Donaldson, 2019). A vast array of foods, snacks and nutritional supplements have been recently developed to support well-being, health, improve aging or prevent diseases. According to increased interest of owners to maintain dog's health, petfood was adapted to fit each dog's lifestyle, for example for puppies or bitches, sedentary or active, maintenance diet or hypocaloric diet. Different types of canine food are available and can be classified in t...

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“…These taxonomic differences between normal weight and obese animals can contribute to the development and perpetuation of obesity ( Li et al, 2017 ; Bermudez Sanchez et al, 2020 ). Proposed mechanisms include fat storage, regulation of energy metabolism, extraction of energy from short-chain fatty acids, increased low-grade inflammation, and impaired bile acid metabolism ( Khan et al, 2016 ; Kieler et al, 2017 ; Xu et al, 2017 ; Garcia-Mazcorro et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the composition and predicted functions of the intestinal microbiome of obese and normal weight adult dogs

Thomson

Santibáñez

Rodríguez-Salas

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Obesity is a multifactorial nutritional disorder highly prevalent in dogs, observed in developed and developing countries. It is estimated that over 40% of the canine population suffers from obesity, which manifests in an increased risk of chronic osteoarticular, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. The intestinal microbiome of obese animals shows increases in the abundance of certain members capable of extracting energy from complex polysaccharides. The objective of this study was to compare the composition and predicted function of the intestinal microbiome of Chilean obese and normal weight adult dogs. Twenty clinically healthy dogs were classified according to their body condition score (BCS) as obese (n = 10) or normal weight (n = 10). DNA was extracted from stool samples, followed by next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3–V4 region and bioinformatics analysis targeting microbiome composition and function. Significant differences were observed between these groups at the phylum level, with anincrease in Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroidetes in obese dogs. Microbiome compositions of these animals correlated with their BCS, and obese dogs showed enrichment in pathways related to transport, chemotaxis, and flagellar assembly. These results highlight the differences in the gut microbiome between normal weight and obese dogs and prompt further research to improve animal health by modulating the gut microbiome.

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Akkermansia and Microbial Degradation of Mucus in Cats and Dogs: Implications to the Growing Worldwide Epidemic of Pet Obesity

Cited by 15 publications

References 213 publications

The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease

The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease

In vitro models of the canine digestive tract as an alternative to in vivo assays: Advances and current challenges

Differences in the composition and predicted functions of the intestinal microbiome of obese and normal weight adult dogs

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