Airways Ganglia

Dey, Richard D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7558-5_4

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…A fourth possibility is that preganglionic input is filtered in some way during ganglionic transmission (Canning & Undem, 1993a,1993b). There is electrophysiological evidence that filtering of preganglionic input does occur in airway ganglia (Canning & Undem, 1994b; Dey, 1994). Single preganglionic stimuli do not readily elicit action potentials in some airway postganglionic neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single preganglionic stimuli do not readily elicit action potentials in some airway postganglionic neurons. Rather, preganglionic stimuli elicit excitatory post‐synaptic potentials in some postganglionic neurons, several of which must summate in order to generate an action potential (Canning & Undem, 1994b; Dey, 1994). The differences in the pharmacology of NANC inhibitory responses to EFS and preganglionic nerve stimulation provide some evidence that preganglionic input to NANC inhibitory neurons may be filtered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of non‐adrenergic, non‐cholinergic inhibitory responses of the isolated guinea‐pig trachea: differences between pre‐ and post‐ganglionic nerve stimulation

Moffatt

Dumsday

McLean

1999

British J Pharmacology

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1 Di erences in the mechanism of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory responses to preganglionic-and post-ganglionic nerve stimulation were investigated in the guinea-pig isolated trachea. 2 Stimulation of the vagus nerve at frequencies above 4 Hz elicited NANC relaxation of the trachealis muscle. Responses to low frequencies of stimulation (4 ± 8 Hz) were abolished by the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor L-NOARG (10 mM), while a L-NOARG resistant component was observed at higher stimulus frequencies. The L-NOARG-resistant component of NANC inhibitory responses to higher frequencies of vagus nerve stimulation were signi®cantly attenuated by the proteinase a-chymotrypsin (2 U/ml), suggesting that a neuropeptide such as VIP may contribute to NANC responses. 3 When postganglionic nerves were stimulated by electrical ®eld stimulation (EFS), responses were readily elicited at frequencies below 4 Hz. Like responses to vagus nerve stimulation, responses to low frequency (54 Hz) EFS were abolished by L-NOARG while a L-NOARG-resistant component was apparent at higher stimulus frequencies. 4 The L-NOARG-resistant component of NANC inhibitory responses to EFS was sensitive to achymotrypsin only if stimuli were delivered in either long trains at a low frequency (4 Hz for 10 ± 30 s) or short trains of high frequency (16 Hz for 2.5 ± 7.5 s). 5 Responses to preganglionic nerve stimulation were approximately 35% of the amplitude of responses to EFS in the same preparations. 6 In conclusion, responses to preganglionic and postganglionic NANC inhibitory nerve stimulation in the guinea-pig trachea di er in maximum amplitude, frequency-response characteristics and the contributions of cotransmitters. We suggest that these di erences may be explained by ®ltering of preganglionic input to postganglionic NANC neurons. These results have implications in all studies where EFS is considered to be representative of physiological stimulation of post-ganglionic nerve stimulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of non‐adrenergic, non‐cholinergic inhibitory responses of the isolated guinea‐pig trachea: differences between pre‐ and post‐ganglionic nerve stimulation

Moffatt

Dumsday

McLean

1999

British J Pharmacology

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“…Regional differences among densities of nerve cell bodies seem to reflect the different types of innervation associated with contractile mechanisms. Noncholinergic and nonadrenergic (NANC) nerves have been regarded as important elements in the regulation of smooth muscle tone (Barnes, 1986b;Dey, 1994) and the secretion of mucus (Ramanrine and Rogers, 1994). Uneven distribution of the intrinsic neurons were also reported in other animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intrinsic neurons in the trachea play important roles in the regulation of smooth muscle tone (Coburn, 1987;Dey, 1994) and the pathogenesis of asthma (Barnes, 1986b;Barnes, 1986a). Previous morphological studies showed that distinct layers of nerve plexus can be identified in the trachea (Fischer, 1964;Smith and Taylor, 1971;Baker et al, 1986;Chiang and Gabella, 1986;Baluk and Gabella, 1989;Chiang, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

Morphological and quantitative study of the intrinsic nerve plexuses of the canine trachea as revealed by immunohistochemical staining of protein gene product 9.5

Yamamoto¹,

Ootsuka²,

Atoji³

et al. 1998

Anat. Rec.

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Background: The ganglionated nervous plexuses in the trachea play an important role in the regulation of respiration. Although the tracheal tissue of the dog has frequently been used in physiological and pharmacological studies, little is known about the morphology of the intrinsic nervous plexuses in the dog trachea and quantitative data about the ganglia and nerve cell bodies are lacking. The structure of the nervous plexuses and detailed morphometric data about the intrinsic neurons of the dog have not previously been reported.Methods: The structure of the intrinsic nerves in the dog trachea was examined by a combination method of digestion with KOH and immunohistochemical ataining of protein gene product 9.5. In addition, areas of nerve cell profiles, numbers of nerve cell bodies per ganglion and densities of nerve cell bodies per ganglion were estimated in preparations from five dogs.Results: In the dog trachea, the peritracheal plexus, outer submucosal plexus, inner submucosal plexus, and mucosal plexus were identified from adventitia to epithelium in that order. The peritracheal plexus, situated in the lamina adventitia of the trachea, consisted of thick nerve bundles that were densely distributed in the membranous wall. The peritracheal plexus contained ganglia with round or oval nerve cell bodies. In the trachealis muscle, the intramuscular plexus, which was a well-developed, three-dimensional nervous network, was observed. It did not include ganglia and consisted of inter-and intrafascicular networks. The outer submucosal plexus was observed as small clusters in the inside of the trachealis muscle. A few round nerve cells were observed in the outer submucosal plexus as small clusters. The ganglionated inner submucosal plexus was identified in the superficial layer of the submucosal layer. A finer meshwork, namely, the mucosal plexus, was observed in the lamina propria. Among the entire length of the trachea, we counted 2,134-2,873 ganglia (average, 2,389) and 13,902-24,232 nerve cell bodies (average,18,461) were counted in the peritracheal plexuses of five dogs. The densities of ganglia and nerve cell bodies were high near the carina and low near the thoracic inlet. The number of nerve cell bodies per ganglion was estimated as 6.5-8.8 (average, 7.7). The average maximum area of nerve cell profiles was 522 ؎ 223 m 2 .Conclusions: The structure of the tracheal plexuses in the dog is more complex than those in other smaller animals. The constitution of the plexuses seems to be that of the intestine. The numerous nerve cells in the peritracheal plexus in the adventitia can be expected to play important roles in airway regulation and in the pathogenesis of tracheal collapse.

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“…SP is localized in the peripheral endings of nerves innervating the airways and originates in nerve cell bodies located both in sensory neurons and in neurons of airway ganglia (Lundberg, et al, 1984;Dey, 1995;Dey, et al, 1993;Dey, et al, 1999). The current study focuses on neurons in airway ganglia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin (IL)-1 regulates ozone-enhanced tracheal smooth muscle responsiveness by increasing substance P (SP) production in intrinsic airway neurons of ferret

Barker

Batchelor

et al. 2008

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Exposure to ozone induces airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) mediated partly by SP released from nerve terminals of intrinsic airway neurons. Our recent studies showed that IL-1, an important multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine, increases synthesis and release of SP from intrinsic airway neurons. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible involvement of endogenous IL-1 in modulating neural responses associated with ozone-enhanced airway responsiveness. Ferrets were exposed to 2 ppm ozone or filtered air for 3 hrs. IL-1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was significantly increased in ozone-exposed animals and responses of tracheal smooth muscle to methacholine (MCh) and electrical field stimulation (EFS) were elevated significantly. Both the SP nerve fiber density in tracheal smooth muscle and the number of SP-containing neurons in airway ganglia were significantly increased following ozone exposure. Pretreatment with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) significantly diminished ozone-enhanced airway responses to EFS as well as ozone-increased SP in the airway. To selectively investigate intrinsic airway neurons, segments of ferret trachea were maintained in culture conditions for 24 hrs to eliminate extrinsic contributions from sensory nerves. The segments were then exposed to 2 ppm ozone in vitro for 3 hrs. The changes of ozone-induced airway responses to MCh and EFS, and the SP levels in airway neurons paralleled those observed with in vivo ozone exposure. The ozone-enhanced airway responses and neuronal SP levels were inhibited by pretreatment with IL-1 Ra. These findings show that IL-1 is released during ozone exposure enhances airway responsiveness by modulating SP expression in airway neurons.

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Airways Ganglia

Cited by 5 publications

References 69 publications

Characterization of non‐adrenergic, non‐cholinergic inhibitory responses of the isolated guinea‐pig trachea: differences between pre‐ and post‐ganglionic nerve stimulation

Characterization of non‐adrenergic, non‐cholinergic inhibitory responses of the isolated guinea‐pig trachea: differences between pre‐ and post‐ganglionic nerve stimulation

Morphological and quantitative study of the intrinsic nerve plexuses of the canine trachea as revealed by immunohistochemical staining of protein gene product 9.5

Interleukin (IL)-1 regulates ozone-enhanced tracheal smooth muscle responsiveness by increasing substance P (SP) production in intrinsic airway neurons of ferret

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