Airway Resistance and Emotional State in Bronchial Asthma

Heim, Edgar; Constantine, Herbert; Ph, Knapp; Graham, W. G.; Gg, Globus; Vachon, Louis; Sj, Nemetz

doi:10.1097/00006842-196709000-00005

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Lazarus (16) essentially dismissed the whole question of classification, and instead, considered each stimulus regardless of its nature as stressor if it is perceived as a threat to the individual and thereby sets coping processes in motion. Though we agree with Lazarus and with Mason (17) on the need for assessing individual responses (18) , we also tried to develop a standardized stressful procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Blood pressure (BP) was recorded manually, covering the same periods as the ECG and respiration airway conductance (reciprocal of Airway resistance), which is the ratio of airflow (liters/sec) to alveolar pressure (cm H 2 ) at a particular lung volume, was measured in a wholebody plethysmograph, as described by Dubois et al (25). This method (18) gives an accurate quantitative picture of airflow obstruction. It is also very sensitive: changes in airway conductance can be detected even prior to the subjective awareness of changes in the lung; increases of nearly 200% in airway resistance can occur before changes can be detected by vital capacity (VC) or forced expiratory volume (FEV) measurements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotional and Adrenal Reactions to Stress in Bronchial Asthma

Mathé

Knapp

1971

Psychosomatic Medicine

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Urinary epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE) and vanylmandelic acid (VMA), plasma cortisol and free fatty acids (FFA), respiratory and cardiovascular indices, and subjectively reported emotion were measured on successive days under conditions of stress and relaxation in 6 healthy males and 6 matched young males with perennial, mild-to-moderate bronchial asthma in remission. They had taken no medication for at least a week and no steroids for 6 months. Asthmatics, as compared to control Ss, had significantly lower urinary E values, during both stress and control periods. Initial levels of NE and VMA excretion in urine were normal; NE levels responded to stress as expected, but did not discriminate between groups. Plasma cortisol did not differ between groups in this small sample.These findings argue against a global sympathetic nervous system or adrenal cortical defect, and are consistent with the hypothesis of a specific hypothalamicadrenal medullary defect in bronchial asthma. Respiratory indices (unlike heart rate and blood pressure) differentiated between the groups: asthmatics had lower airway conductance and respiratory rate and an opposite direction of change in these indices under stress. Psychologically, asthmatic Ss exhibited a marked field independence and, although as emotionally aroused by stressors as were controls, gave evidence of inhibition of aggressive impulses.Study of endogenous catecholamines in bronchial asthma has been comparatively neglected, although epinephrine and isoproterenol are widely used and are eminently effective in asthmatic patients. Partial explanation may lie in the considerable From the

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional and Adrenal Reactions to Stress in Bronchial Asthma

Mathé

Knapp

1971

Psychosomatic Medicine

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“…The variability of the respiratory pattern may be more susceptible to modification by mental activity than either the average level of ventilation or any specific aspect of the respiratory pattern (169). Stressful thoughts may be associated with an increase in respiratory frequency (265), but personality type may be a contributing factor to respiratory responses to emotional stimulation as well (124,175). Performing mathematical calculations generally increases the respiratory, heart, and sympathetic activation rates (208).…”

Section: Cognitive and Emotional Activities That Interact With Breathingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination of Breathing with Nonrespiratory Activities

Bartlett¹,

Leiter²

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

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Many articles in this section of Comprehensive Physiology are concerned with the development and function of a central pattern generator (CPG) for the control of breathing in vertebrate animals. The action of the respiratory CPG is extensively modified by cortical and other descending influences as well as by feedback from peripheral sensory systems. The central nervous system also incorporates other CPGs, which orchestrate a wide variety of discrete and repetitive, voluntary and involuntary movements. The coordination of breathing with these other activities requires interaction and coordination between the respiratory CPG and those governing the nonrespiratory activities. Most of these interactions are complex and poorly understood. They seem to involve both conventional synaptic crosstalk between groups of neurons and fluid identity of neurons as belonging to one CPG or another: neurons that normally participate in breathing may be temporarily borrowed or hijacked by a competing or interrupting activity. This review explores the control of breathing as it is influenced by many activities that are generally considered to be nonrespiratory. The mechanistic detail varies greatly among topics, reflecting the wide variety of pertinent experiments.

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“…It is to be understood as complementing prior studies (10,11) in which it was proved that both the perceiving and the reporting of somatic symptoms arc determined by psychological factors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Especially in psychosomatic studies it has always been possible to establish a correlation between the degree of success in the functioning of defenses and somatic processes (10,16,(25)(26)(27). The term 'coping behavior' combines uncon scious defense processes with attempts to adapt which are closer to the con scious level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defense Mechanisms and Coping Behavior in Terminal Illness

Heim¹,

Moser²,

Adler³

1978

Psychother Psychosom

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Psychosomatic medicine is increasingly concerned with illness behavior, a concept which includes defense mechanisms and coping styles. An attempt was made to compare defensive processes and social adaptation in a group of 31 patients suffering from a probable terminal illness of iatrogenic origin. The surprising degree of conformity between the defense profiles towards the illness and those towards general life stress was found. Reaction-formation and stoicism were the defense mechanisms most often associated with successful defense. Interdependence of several ego measures such as defense against general life stress, defense against illness and social adaptation could be shown in various evaluations. Surprisingly, however, aggravators of illness turned out to be psychologically more stable than minimizers, a result which is in contrast to behavior in nonterminal illness. Theoretical implications of the results are discussed.

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Airway Resistance and Emotional State in Bronchial Asthma

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Emotional and Adrenal Reactions to Stress in Bronchial Asthma

Emotional and Adrenal Reactions to Stress in Bronchial Asthma

Coordination of Breathing with Nonrespiratory Activities

Defense Mechanisms and Coping Behavior in Terminal Illness

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