Airway mucosa: secretory cells, mucus and mucin genes

Jeffery, P. K.; Li, D

doi:10.1183/09031936.97.10071655

Cited by 126 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The largest mucin granules within goblet cells are between 0.8 and 1.5 mm in size [49][50][51]. Hence, we may expect that the area of the expanded mucin from a single granule will lie between 100 and 370 mm 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploration of the microrheological environment around the distal ileal villi and proximal colonic mucosa of the possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula )

Lim

Williams

Lentle

et al. 2013

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Multiple particle-tracking techniques were used to quantify the thermally driven motion of ensembles of naked polystyrene (0.5 mm diameter) microbeads in order to determine the microrheological characteristics around the gut mucosa. The microbeads were introduced into living ex vivo preparations of the wall of the terminal ileum and proximal colon of the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). The fluid environment surrounding both the ileal villi and colonic mucosa was heterogeneous; probably comprising discrete viscoelastic regions suspended in a continuous Newtonian fluid of viscosity close to water. Neither the viscosity of the continuous phase, the elastic modulus (G') nor the sizes of viscoelastic regions varied significantly between areas within 20 mm and areas more than 20 mm from the villous mucosa nor from the tip to the sides of the villous mucosa. The viscosity of the continuous phase at distances further than 20 mm from the colonic mucosa was greater than that at the same distance from the ileal villous mucosa. Furthermore, the estimated sizes of viscoelastic regions were significantly greater in the colon than in the ileum. These findings validate the sensitivity of the method and call into question previous hypotheses that a contiguous layer of mucus envelops all intestinal mucosa and restricts diffusive mass transfer. Our findings suggest that, in the terminal ileum and colon at least, mixing and mass transfer are governed by more complex dynamics than were previously assumed, perhaps with gel filtration by viscoelastic regions that are suspended in a Newtonian fluid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploration of the microrheological environment around the distal ileal villi and proximal colonic mucosa of the possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula )

Lim

Williams

Lentle

et al. 2013

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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show abstract

“…This observation is not without precedent, since IL-6, a closely related cytokine, inhibits VCAM-1 expression in the central nervous system, and IL-11 inhibits endothelial ICAM-1 expression without inhibiting CXC chemokine expression in a rat immune complex lung injury model (28,48). Additional experimentation will be required to determine whether the diminished expression of VCAM-1 in the IL-11 transgene ϩ mice is the result of the ability of IL-11 to inhibit Th2 cytokine or IL-1 or TNF elaboration (25,27,29) or whether IL-11 also has direct effects on endothelial VCAM-1 expression as seen with IL-6 and astrocytes (46) . C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice differ in their propensity to develop Th2 vs Th1 inflammatory responses.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, mucus induction in our modeling system may be mediated by a Th2 cytokine-independent process. It is well known that a variety of mediators, including leukotrienes, PGs, plateletactivating factor, and histamine, also induce mucus secretion (37,45,46). Alternatively, the relationship between Th2 cytokine elaboration and airway mucus induction may not be linear, and the combined effects of the low levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and other Th2 cytokines that are produced in our IL-11-overexpressing transgenic mice, individually or via synergistic interactions, may be adequate to induce significant mucus induction.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

IL-11 Selectively Inhibits Aeroallergen-Induced Pulmonary Eosinophilia and Th2 Cytokine Production

Wang¹,

Homer²,

Lin³

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

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IL-11 is a pleiotropic cytokine that induces tissue remodeling with subepithelial fibrosis when expressed in the airway. Its effects on the Th2-dominated airway inflammation that is characteristic of asthma, however, are poorly understood. To characterize the effects of IL-11 on Th2 tissue inflammation, we compared the inflammatory responses elicited by OVA in sensitized mice in which IL-11 is overexpressed in a lung-specific fashion (CC10-IL-11) with that in transgene− wild-type littermate controls. Transgene− and CC10-IL-11 transgene+ mice had comparable levels of circulating Ag-specific IgE after sensitization. OVA challenge of sensitized transgene− mice caused airway and parenchymal eosinophilic inflammation, Th2 cell accumulation, and mucus hypersecretion with mucus metaplasia. Exaggerated levels of immunoreactive endothelial cell VCAM-1, mucin (Muc) 5ac gene expression and bronchoalveolar lavage and lung IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 protein and mRNA were also noted. In contrast, OVA challenge in CC10-IL-11 animals elicited impressively lower levels of tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage inflammation, eosinophilia, and Th2 cell accumulation, and significantly lower levels of VCAM-1 and IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 mRNA and protein. IL-11 did not cause a comparable decrease in mucus hypersecretion, Muc 5ac gene expression, or the level of expression of RANTES, monocyte chemoattractant protein-2, or monocyte chemoattractant protein-3. In addition, IL-11 did not augment IFN-γ production demonstrating that the inhibitory effects of IL-11 were not due to a shift toward Th1 inflammation. These studies demonstrate that IL-11 selectively inhibits Ag-induced eosinophilia, Th2 inflammation, and VCAM-1 gene expression in pulmonary tissues.

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“…The respiratory epithelium is a highly complex environment composed of a heterogeneous cell population, including secretory (Clara), goblet (mucus), ciliated, and basal cells that differ in frequency and distribution depending on location in the lung ( Figure 3B) [81]. In the small airways, additional cell types, alveolar type 1 and 2, dominate.…”

Section: Influenza a Virus Life Cycyle Attachment And Bindingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the spatial distribution and concentration of potential receptors associated within different areas of the respiratory tract and/or different cell types are integral in the study of IAV infection and disease [75,[88][89][90][91]. Further, while the lung epithelium is a primary target for infection [46], it is a highly complex environment composed of a heterogeneous cell population, including secretory (Clara), goblet (secretory/mucus), ciliated, and basal cells that differ in frequency and distribution depending on location in the lung [317].…”

Section: Human Immune Cell Culture Models To Study Iavmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early host response and immune signaling to 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) viruses in primary cell culture models.

Gerlach¹

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Airway mucosa: secretory cells, mucus and mucin genes

Cited by 126 publications

References 45 publications

An exploration of the microrheological environment around the distal ileal villi and proximal colonic mucosa of the possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula )

An exploration of the microrheological environment around the distal ileal villi and proximal colonic mucosa of the possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula )

IL-11 Selectively Inhibits Aeroallergen-Induced Pulmonary Eosinophilia and Th2 Cytokine Production

Early host response and immune signaling to 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) viruses in primary cell culture models.

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