Airway epithelial regulation of pulmonary immune homeostasis and inflammation

Hallstrand, Teal S.; Hackett, Tillie L.; Altemeier, William A.; Matute-Bello, Gustavo; Hansbro, Philip M.; Knight, Darryl A.

doi:10.1016/j.clim.2013.12.003

Cited by 199 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…Although we may speculate about the substantiation of IL-1 regulating all other cytokines, conversely, the release of IL-1 is also regulated by other pro-inflammatory, regulating and anti-inflammatory cytokines; therefore, the causality of one cytokine affecting another cytokine must be estimated in the context of multiple factors. In summary, epithelial cells are both activated by and further release the following cytokines: IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 3,[5][6][7]26 . As the first exposed surface, the airway epithelium actively regulates local immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to antigen exposure, activated epithelial cells might recruit locally inhabiting immunocompetent cells. Epithelial cells use autocrine and paracrine signalling pathways to provide intercellular and intracellular communication 3,4 . In summary, epithelial tissue serves as a first-line defence system in the innate immune system due to the continuous exposure to airborne antigens, sensing potential danger and harm, while initiating, regulating and suppressing the adaptive immunity 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epithelial cells use autocrine and paracrine signalling pathways to provide intercellular and intracellular communication 3,4 . In summary, epithelial tissue serves as a first-line defence system in the innate immune system due to the continuous exposure to airborne antigens, sensing potential danger and harm, while initiating, regulating and suppressing the adaptive immunity 3 . Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6) and chemokines produced by epithelial cells recruit and activate immune cells in the submucosa 5 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Failure of immune response regulation might lead to a disrupted normal lung tissue architecture and structure due to minor and major structural changes 2 . The barrier functions of epithelial tissue in the lung environment are essentially responsible for a major portion of tissue homeostasis 3 . Epithelial tissue works as an outline barrier in the respiratory system 3,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The barrier functions of epithelial tissue in the lung environment are essentially responsible for a major portion of tissue homeostasis 3 . Epithelial tissue works as an outline barrier in the respiratory system 3,4 . Apart from true immune cells, epithelial tissue and its communication with other tissue structures design and shape signalling pathways to produce local immunity 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue as an essential part of the local immune system

Vitenberga¹,

Pilmane²

2017

BIOMED PAP

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Background. The innate and adaptive immune systems in lungs are maintained not only by immune cells but also by non-immune tissue structures, locally providing wide intercellular communication networks and regulating the local tissue immune response. Aims. The aim of this study was to determine the appearance and distribution of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue samples. Material and Methods. We evaluated lung tissue specimens obtained from 49 patients aged 9-95 years in relatively healthy study subjects. Tissue samples were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected by an immunohistochemistry (IMH) method. The number of positive structures was counted semiquantitatively by microscopy. Non-parametric tests were used to analyse the data. Results. IL-1-positive cells were mostly found in the bronchial cartilage and alveolar epithelium. Immunoreactive lung macrophages were also found. The numbers of IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, and IL-10 containing cells were also found in the bronchial epithelium (in addition to those previously listed). The number of positive structures varied from occasional to moderate, but was graded higher in cartilage. Overall, fewer IL-1-positive cells and more IL-10-positive cells were found. Almost no positive structures for all examined cytokines were found in connective tissue and bronchial glands. Conclusions. Relatively healthy lung tissue exhibits anti-inflammatory response patterns. The cytokine distribution and appearance suggest persistent stimulation of cytokine expression in lung tissue and indicate the presence of local regulatory and modulating patterns. The pronounced cytokine distribution in bronchial cartilage suggests the involvement of a compensatory local immune response in the supporting tissue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue as an essential part of the local immune system

Vitenberga¹,

Pilmane²

2017

BIOMED PAP

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The complex interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and the NLRP3 inflammasome: a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders

et al. 2021

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Inflammation is the result of a complex network of cellular and molecular interactions and mechanisms that facilitate immune protection against intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, particularly pathogens, to maintain homeostasis and promote tissue healing. However, dysregulation in the immune system elicits excess/abnormal inflammation resulting in unintended tissue damage and causes major inflammatory diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, sarcoidosis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is now widely accepted that both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammasomes play critical roles in activating inflammatory signalling cascades. Notably, evidence is mounting for the involvement of ER stress in exacerbating inflammasome‐induced inflammatory cascades, which may provide a new axis for therapeutic targeting in a range of inflammatory disorders. Here, we comprehensively review the roles, mechanisms and interactions of both ER stress and inflammasomes, as well as their interconnected relationships in inflammatory signalling cascades. We also discuss novel therapeutic strategies that are being developed to treat ER stress‐ and inflammasome‐related inflammatory disorders.

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Airway remodelling and inflammation in asthma are dependent on the extracellular matrix protein fibulin-1c

et al. 2017

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Airway epithelial regulation of pulmonary immune homeostasis and inflammation

Cited by 199 publications

References 195 publications

Inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue as an essential part of the local immune system

Inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue as an essential part of the local immune system

The complex interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and the NLRP3 inflammasome: a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders

Airway remodelling and inflammation in asthma are dependent on the extracellular matrix protein fibulin-1c

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