Airway and Blood Inflammatory Markers in Waste Collectors

Raulf, Monika; Kampen, V. van; Neumann, Hannah; Liebers, Verena; Deckert, A.; Brüning, Thomas; Bünger, Jürgen; Hoffmeyer, Frank

doi:10.1007/5584_2017_25

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Based on our experience with sputum collection in several field and controlled exposure studies [11, 17, 18, 31–33] we used inhalation of 0.9% saline for 15 min for sputum induction. In our view this is a suitable non-invasive and non-stressing procedure to collect material from the airways with satisfying recovery and typical composition of cellular and soluble components in most of the healthy subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airway inflammation after inhalation of nano-sized zinc oxide particles in human volunteers

et al. 2019

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BackgroundWorkers in the zinc production and processing of galvanized sheet steel are exposed to a complex mixture of particles and gases, including zinc oxide (ZnO) that can affect human health. We aimed to study the effects of short-term controlled exposure to nano-sized ZnO on airway inflammatory markers in healthy volunteers.MethodsSixteen subjects (8 females, 8 men; age 19–42, non-smokers) were exposed to filtered air and ZnO nanoparticles (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/m3) for 4 h, including 2 h of cycling with a low workload. Induced sputum samples were collected during a medical baseline and a final examination and also about 24 h after each exposure. A number of inflammatory cellular and soluble markers were analyzed.ResultsFrequency and intensity of symptoms of airway irritation (throat irritation and cough) were increased in some subjects 24 h after ZnO exposures when compared to filtered air. The group comparison between filtered air and ZnO exposures showed statistically significant increases of neutrophils and interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) in sputum starting at the lowest ZnO concentration of 0.5 mg/m3. However, a concentration-response relationship was absent. Effects were reversible. Strong correlations were found between neutrophil numbers and concentrations of total protein, IL-8, MMP-9, and TIMP-1.ConclusionsControlled exposures of healthy subjects to ZnO nanoparticles induce reversible airway inflammation which was observed at a concentration of 0.5 mg/m3 and higher. The lack of a concentration-response relationship warrants further studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airway inflammation after inhalation of nano-sized zinc oxide particles in human volunteers

et al. 2019

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“…This procedure eliminates the possibility that repeated sputum recovery within a short time period may induce inflammatory effects triggered by sputum induction itself. According to the procedure used in several studies (Raulf et al 2015(Raulf et al , 2017Monsé et al 2019), sputum induction was carried out by inhalation of nebulized isotonic saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl); Pariboy, Pari GmbH, Weilheim, Germany) for 15 min. Concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) were determined in the appropriate immunoassays based on monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies (Pharmingen, Heidelberg, Germany, Assay Design and/or Bio Vendor, all: Heidelberg, Germany) according to the recommendations of the manufacturers.…”

Section: Induced Sputummentioning

confidence: 99%

Health effects after inhalation of micro- and nano-sized zinc oxide particles in human volunteers

et al. 2020

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Inhalation of ZnO particles can cause inflammation of the airways and metal fume fever. It is unclear if different sizes of the particles alter these effects. However, various studies report higher biological activity of other nano-sized particles compared to microparticles. No effects at all were observed after inhalation of micro- and nano-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) particle concentrations of 0.5 mg/m3. Studies with different particle sizes of ZnO at higher exposures are not available. Accordingly, we hypothesized that inhalation of nano-sized ZnO particles induces stronger health effects than the inhalation of the same airborne mass concentration of micro-sized ZnO particles. 16 healthy volunteers (eight men, eight women) were exposed to filtered air and ZnO particles (2.0 mg/m3) for 2 h (one session with nano- and one with micro-sized ZnO) including 1 h of cycling at moderate workload. Effect parameters were symptoms, body temperature, inflammatory markers in blood and in induced sputum. Induced sputum was obtained at baseline examination, 22 h after exposure and at the end of the final test. The effects were assessed before, immediately after, about 22 h after, as well as two and three days after each exposure. Neutrophils, monocytes and acute-phase proteins in blood increased 22 h after micro- and nano-sized ZnO exposure. Effects were generally stronger with micro-sized ZnO particles. Parameters in induced sputum showed partial increases on the next day, but the effect strengths were not clearly attributable to particle sizes. The hypothesis that nano-sized ZnO particles induce stronger health effects than micro-sized ZnO particles was not supported by our data. The stronger systemic inflammatory responses after inhalation of micro-sized ZnO particles can be explained by the higher deposition efficiency of micro-sized ZnO particles in the respiratory tract and a substance-specific mode of action, most likely caused by the formation of zinc ions.

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“…In contrast, at chronic exposures with subsequent tissue damage, the concentrations tend to be low. In example, decreased CC16 in serum have been reported in chronic exposure to cigarette smoke after smoke-induced Club cell toxicity (Hermans and Bernard 1999 ; Raulf et al 2017 ). However, the interpretation of slightly lower CC16 levels in workers highly exposed to naphthalene should be cautioned because CC16 levels are controlled by various factors and conditions rather than exposure alone (LaKind et al 2007 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naphthalene: irritative and inflammatory effects on the airways

Sucker

Zschiesche

Aziz

et al. 2021

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Objective This cross-sectional study determined whether acute sensory irritative or (sub)chronic inflammatory effects of the eyes, nose or respiratory tract are observed in employees who are exposed to naphthalene at the workplace. Methods Thirtynine healthy and non-smoking male employees with either moderate (n = 22) or high (n = 17) exposure to naphthalene were compared to 22 male employees from the same plants with no or only rare exposure to naphthalene. (Sub)clinical endpoint measures included nasal endoscopy, smell sensitivity, self-reported work-related complaints and the intensity of naphthalene odor and irritation. In addition, cellular and soluble mediators in blood, nasal lavage fluid (NALF) and induced sputum (IS) were analysed. All measurements were carried out pre-shift on Monday and post-shift on Thursday. Personal air monitoring revealed naphthalene shift concentrations up to 11.6 mg/m3 with short-term peak concentrations up to 145.8 mg/m3 and 1- and 2-naphthol levels (sum) in post-shift urine up to 10.1 mg/L. Results Acute sensory irritating effects at the eyes and upper airways were reported to occur when directly handling naphthalene (e.g., sieving pure naphthalene). Generally, naphthalene odor was described as intense and unpleasant. Habituation effects or olfactory fatigue were not observed. Endoscopic examination revealed mild inflammatory effects at the nasal mucosa of exposed employees in terms of reddening and swelling and abnormal mucus production. No consistent pattern of cellular and soluble mediators in blood, NALF or IS was observed which would indicate a chronic or acute inflammatory effect of naphthalene in exposed workers. Conclusions The results suggest that exposure to naphthalene induces acute sensory irritative effects in exposed workers. No (sub)chronic inflammatory effects on the nasal epithelium or the respiratory tract could be observed under the study conditions described here.

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Airway and Blood Inflammatory Markers in Waste Collectors

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Airway inflammation after inhalation of nano-sized zinc oxide particles in human volunteers

Airway inflammation after inhalation of nano-sized zinc oxide particles in human volunteers

Health effects after inhalation of micro- and nano-sized zinc oxide particles in human volunteers

Naphthalene: irritative and inflammatory effects on the airways

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