AIRS near-real-time products and algorithms in support of operational numerical weather prediction

Goldberg, Mitch; Qu, Yanni; McMillin, Larry M.; Wolf, W.; Zhou, Lihang; Divakarla, Murty

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2002.808307

Cited by 204 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The predicted precision corresponds to the expected uncertainty of the retrievals based on uncertainty of the input parameters. This includes not only the radiance noise but also other parameters, e.g., forward-model errors (Khosravi et al, 2009a, b;Gille et al, 2011). The theoretically estimated temperature precision of HIRDLS has no seasonal variability and is about 0.6 to 1.7 K, increasing with altitude (see Fig.…”

Section: Estimation Of Retrieval Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of AIRS and HIRDLS stratospheric gravity wave observations

Meyer¹,

Ern²,

Hoffmann³

et al. 2018

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. We investigate stratospheric gravity wave observations by the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA's Aqua satellite and the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) aboard NASA's Aura satellite. AIRS operational temperature retrievals are typically not used for studies of gravity waves, because their vertical and horizontal resolution is rather limited. This study uses data of a high-resolution retrieval which provides stratospheric temperature profiles for each individual satellite footprint. Therefore the horizontal sampling of the high-resolution retrieval is 9 times better than that of the operational retrieval. HIRDLS provides 2-D spectral information of observed gravity waves in terms of along-track and vertical wavelengths. AIRS as a nadir sounder is more sensitive to short-horizontal-wavelength gravity waves, and HIRDLS as a limb sounder is more sensitive to short-vertical-wavelength gravity waves. Therefore HIRDLS is ideally suited to complement AIRS observations. A calculated momentum flux factor indicates that the waves seen by AIRS contribute significantly to momentum flux, even if the AIRS temperature variance may be small compared to HIRDLS. The stratospheric wave structures observed by AIRS and HIRDLS often agree very well. Case studies of a mountain wave event and a non-orographic wave event demonstrate that the observed phase structures of AIRS and HIRDLS are also similar. AIRS has a coarser vertical resolution, which results in an attenuation of the amplitude and coarser vertical wavelengths than for HIRDLS. However, AIRS has a much higher horizontal resolution, and the propagation direction of the waves can be clearly identified in geographical maps. The horizontal orientation of the phase fronts can be deduced from AIRS 3-D temperature fields. This is a restricting factor for gravity wave analyses of limb measurements. Additionally, temperature variances with respect to stratospheric gravity wave activity are compared on a statistical basis. The complete HIRDLS measurement period from January 2005 to March 2008 is covered. The seasonal and latitudinal distributions of gravity wave activity as observed by AIRS and HIRDLS agree well. A strong annual cycle at mid-and high latitudes is found in time series of gravity wave variances at 42 km, which has its maxima during wintertime and its minima during summertime. The variability is largest during austral wintertime at 60 • S. Variations in the zonal winds at 2.5 hPa are associated with large variability in gravity wave variances. Altogether, gravity wave variances of AIRS and HIRDLS are complementary to each other. Large parts of the gravity wave spectrum are covered by joint observations. This opens up fascinating vistas for future gravity wave research.

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Section: Estimation Of Retrieval Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of AIRS and HIRDLS stratospheric gravity wave observations

Meyer¹,

Ern²,

Hoffmann³

et al. 2018

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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“…However, it should be noted that the forward radiative transfer models used differ in that the optimal spectral sampling (OSS) fast molecular radiative transfer model is used for the NAST-I retrieval Moncet et al, 2003) while the Stand-alone AIRS Radiative Transfer Algorithm (SARTA) is used for the AIRS retrieval (Strow et al, 2003). The A-T retrieval methodology uses eigenvector regression to obtain initial profiles as well (Goldberg et al, 2003;Susskind et al, 2003;Susskind et al, 2006). The A-T regression is based on a global database of profiles extracted from ECMWF analyses colocated with actual AIRS cloud-cleared radiances using 1680 AIRS spectral channels.…”

Section: Retrieval Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval validation during the European Aqua Thermodynamic Experiment

Zhou

Smith

Cuomo

et al. 2007

Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.

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Atmospheric and surface thermodynamic parameters retrieved with advanced hyperspectral remote sensors aboard Earth observing satellites are critical to weather prediction and scientific research. The retrieval algorithms and retrieved parameters from satellite sounders must be validated to demonstrate the capability and accuracy of both observation and data processing systems. The European Aqua Thermodynamic Experiment (EAQUATE) was conducted not only for validation of the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder on the Aqua satellite, but also for assessment of validation systems of both ground-based and aircraft-based instruments that will be used for other satellite systems, such as the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer on the European MetOp satellite, the Cross-track Infrared Sounder from the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project and the continuing series of NPOESS satellites. Detailed intercomparisons were conducted and presented using different retrieval methodologies: measurements from airborne ultraspectral Fourier transform spectrometers, aircraft in situ instruments, dedicated dropsondes and radiosondes, ground-based Raman lidar, as well as the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting modelled thermal structures. The results of this study not only illustrate the quality of the measurements and retrieval products, but also demonstrate the capability of the validation systems put in place to validate current and future hyperspectral sounding instruments and their scientific products.

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“…Distribution and assimilation of selected channels is the current operational configuration for the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) -the first high-spectral-resolution infrared sounder to be assimilated into numerical-weather-prediction (NWP) models (Goldberg et al, 2003;Susskind J et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of IASI channels for use in numerical weather prediction

Collard

2007

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

124

137

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ABSTRACT:The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) is an infrared Fourier-transform spectrometer that has been flying on the MetOp satellite series since October 2006. It measures the radiance emitted from the Earth in 8461 channels, covering the spectral interval 645-2760 cm −1 at a resolution of 0.5 cm −1 (apodized). The high volume of data resulting from IASI presents many challenges, particularly in the areas of data transmission, storage and assimilation.The simplest methods for reducing the data volume are spatial sampling and channel selection. In this paper, the issue of channel selection is discussed, and a selection of 300 channels suitable for transmission to numerical-weather-prediction centres is examined; the primary aim is the improvement of the temperature, humidity, ozone and carbon-dioxide state vectors. The channel-selection method takes account of redundancy, the effects of interfering species, and robustness against the choice of assumed background-error covariance and atmospheric state.

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AIRS near-real-time products and algorithms in support of operational numerical weather prediction

Cited by 204 publications

References 20 publications

Intercomparison of AIRS and HIRDLS stratospheric gravity wave observations

Intercomparison of AIRS and HIRDLS stratospheric gravity wave observations

Retrieval validation during the European Aqua Thermodynamic Experiment

Selection of IASI channels for use in numerical weather prediction

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