“…poor visibility, wake vortices, wind shear, turbulence, and icing conditions), that eventually lead to an upset condition (e.g. abnormal attitude, abnormal airspeed, uncontrolled descent, or departure into a stall) because of an inability of the crew to deal with the situation [1]. This observation suggests that current flight-crew decision making and supporting flight-deck software for safe vehicle operation are inadequate in dealing with these so-called off-nominal conditions.…”