Aircraft-Based Aerosol Sampling in Clouds: Performance Characterization of Flow-Restriction Aerosol Inlets

Craig, Lucas; Moharreri, Arash; Rogers, D. C.; Anderson, B. E.; Dhaniyala, Suresh

doi:10.1175/jtech-d-14-00022.1

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…PM 1 (particles with aerodynamic diameters < 1.0 µm at ambient conditions) water‐soluble ions were measured with a Particle‐Into‐Liquid Sampler coupled with Ion Chromatographs (PILS‐IC; Metrohm 761 Compact ICs) [ Orsini et al ., ; Hennigan et al ., ; Sullivan et al ., ; Peltier et al ., ; Liu et al ., ; Guo et al ., ]. Ambient aerosol was sampled from a submicron aerosol inlet [ Craig et al ., ; Craig et al ., ; Craig et al ., ; Moharreri et al ., ] at a flow rate of 15.0 L min −1 . Residence time in the inlet and sample lines is estimated at 2 s. Upstream of the PILS‐IC, a nonrotating microorifice impactor [ Marple et al ., ] with a 1.0 µm cut size (at 1 atm and 273.15 K) restricted measurements to PM 1 to be comparable with the Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (discussed below).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[Orsini et al, 2003;Hennigan et al, 2006;Sullivan et al, 2006;Peltier et al, 2007a;Liu et al, 2012;Guo et al, 2015]. Ambient aerosol was sampled from a submicron aerosol inlet [Craig et al, 2013a;Craig et al, 2013b;Craig et al, 2014;Moharreri et al, 2014] at a flow rate of 15.0 L min À1 . Residence time in the inlet and sample lines is estimated at 2 s. Upstream of the PILS-IC, a nonrotating microorifice impactor [Marple et al, 1991] with a 1.0 μm cut size (at 1 atm and 273.15 K) restricted measurements to PM 1 to be comparable with the Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (discussed below).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fine particle pH and the partitioning of nitric acid during winter in the northeastern United States

Guo

Sullivan

Campuzano‐Jost

et al. 2016

J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.

242

378

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Particle pH is a critical but poorly constrained quantity that affects many aerosol processes and properties, including aerosol composition, concentrations, and toxicity. We assess PM1 pH as a function of geographical location and altitude, focusing on the northeastern U.S., based on aircraft measurements from the Wintertime Investigation of Transport, Emissions, and Reactivity campaign (1 February to 15 March 2015). Particle pH and water were predicted with the ISORROPIA‐II thermodynamic model and validated by comparing predicted to observed partitioning of inorganic nitrate between the gas and particle phases. Good agreement was found for relative humidity (RH) above 40%; at lower RH observed particle nitrate was higher than predicted, possibly due to organic‐inorganic phase separations or nitrate measurement uncertainties associated with low concentrations (nitrate < 1 µg m−3). Including refractory ions in the pH calculations did not improve model predictions, suggesting they were externally mixed with PM1 sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium. Sample line volatilization artifacts were found to be minimal. Overall, particle pH for altitudes up to 5000 m ranged between −0.51 and 1.9 (10th and 90th percentiles) with a study mean of 0.77 ± 0.96, similar to those reported for the southeastern U.S. and eastern Mediterranean. This expansive aircraft data set is used to investigate causes in variability in pH and pH‐dependent aerosol components, such as PM1 nitrate, over a wide range of temperatures (−21 to 19°C), RH (20 to 95%), inorganic gas, and particle concentrations and also provides further evidence that particles with low pH are ubiquitous.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine particle pH and the partitioning of nitric acid during winter in the northeastern United States

Guo

Sullivan

Campuzano‐Jost

et al. 2016

J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.

242

378

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A PILS continuously collects ambient particles into purified water, providing a liquid sample for analysis (Orsini et al, ). Each PILS instrument sampled from a submicron aerosol inlet (Craig, Moharreri, Schanot, et al, ; Craig, Schanot, Moharreri, et al, ; Craig et al, ; Moharreri et al, ). Following each submicron aerosol inlet was a nonrotating MOUDI impactor with a 50% transmission efficiency of 1 μm (aerodynamic diameter) at 1 atmosphere ambient pressure (Marple et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Burning Markers and Residential Burning in the WINTER Aircraft Campaign

et al. 2019

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As part of the WINTER (Wintertime Investigation of Transport, Emissions, and Reactivity) campaign, a Particle‐into‐Liquid Sampler with a fraction collector was flown aboard the National Center for Atmospheric Research C‐130 aircraft. Two‐minute integrated liquid samples containing dissolved fine particulate matter (PM1) species were collected and analyzed off‐line for the smoke marker levoglucosan using high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography‐pulsed amperometric detection to compare levoglucosan with aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) biomass burning markers and investigate the contribution from residential burning during the study. Levoglucosan was correlated with AMS organic aerosol (R2 = 0.49) and with carbon monoxide (CO; R2 = 0.51) for all flights. Levoglucosan was not correlated with the inorganic smoke marker water‐soluble potassium but was correlated with the AMS markers ∆C2H4O2+ (high resolution, R2 = 0.60) and ∆m/z 60 (unit mass resolution, R2 = 0.61). However, at low levoglucosan, AMS markers deviated potentially due to interferences from other sources or differences with the species captured by the AMS markers. Analysis of levoglucosan changes relative to carbon monoxide as plumes advected from source regions showed no systematic levoglucosan loss for plumes up to 20 hr old. Based on literature residential burning source ratios and measured levoglucosan, contributions of organic carbon (OC) due to residential burning were estimated. The contribution ranged from ~30 to 100% of the OC, with significant variability depending on the source ratio used; however, the results show that biomass burning was a significant PM1 OC source across the entire sampling region. A GEOS‐Chem model simulation predicted significantly less smoke contribution.

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“…2a. Ambient air was sampled with a Submicron Aerosol Inlet (SMAI) (Craig et al, 2013a;Craig et al, 2013b;Craig et al, 2014;Moharreri et al, 2014) and passed through a nonrotating Micro-orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) with a 50% transmission efficiency at 1 µm (aerodynamic diameter) at 1 atmosphere ambient pressure (Marple et al, 1991). The total airflow of the PILS was 15 SLPM (volumetric flow was controlled by a critical orifice).…”

Section: Online Pils Measurements On the Nsf C-130 Aircraft During We-can 2018mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of online water-soluble brown carbon measuring systems for aircraft sampling

Zeng¹,

Sullivan²,

Washenfelder³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Brown carbon (BrC) consists of particulate organic species that preferentially absorb light at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. Ambient studies show that as a component of aerosol particles, BrC affects photochemical reaction rates and regional to global climate. Some organic chromophores are especially toxic linking BrC to adverse health effects. The lack of direct measurements of BrC has limited our understanding of its prevalence, sources, evolution, and impacts. We describe the first direct, online measurements of water-soluble BrC on research aircraft by three separate instruments. Each instrument measured light absorption over a broad wavelength range using a liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC) and grating spectrometer, with particles collected into water by a Particle-into-Liquid Sampler (CSU PILS-LWCC and NOAA PILS-LWCC) or a mist chamber (MC-LWCC). The instruments were deployed on the NSF C-130 aircraft during WE-CAN 2018 as well as the NASA DC-8 and the NOAA Twin Otter aircraft during FIREX-AQ 2019, where they sampled fresh and moderately aged wildfire plumes. Here, we describe the instruments, calibrations, data analysis, and corrections for baseline drift and hysteresis. Detection limits (3σ) at 365 nm were 1.53 Mm−1 (MC-LWCC; 2.5 min sampling time), 0.89 Mm−1 (CSU PILS-LWCC; 30 s sampling time), and 0.03 Mm−1 (NOAA PILS-LWCC; 30 s sampling time). Measurement uncertainties were 28 % (MC-LWCC), 12 % (CSU PILS-LWCC), and 11 % (NOAA PILS-LWCC). The MC-LWCC system agreed well with offline measurements from filter samples, with a slope of 0.91 and R2 = 0.89. Overall, these instruments provide soluble BrC measurements with specificity and geographical coverage that is unavailable by other methods, but their sensitivity and time resolution can be challenging for aircraft studies where large and rapid changes in BrC concentrations may be encountered.

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Aircraft-Based Aerosol Sampling in Clouds: Performance Characterization of Flow-Restriction Aerosol Inlets

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Fine particle pH and the partitioning of nitric acid during winter in the northeastern United States

Fine particle pH and the partitioning of nitric acid during winter in the northeastern United States

Biomass Burning Markers and Residential Burning in the WINTER Aircraft Campaign

Assessment of online water-soluble brown carbon measuring systems for aircraft sampling

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