Airborne transmission of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus strain H5N1 between groups of chickens quantified in an experimental setting

Spekreijse, Dieuwertje; Bouma, A.; Koch, G.; Stegeman, J.A.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.04.024

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…There have been few studies on aerosol transmission of influenza A virus, and were reviewed by Tellier (2009). In brief, these studies have shown that the rate of airborne transmission is both low and inefficient, even over short distances (Tsukamoto et al 2007;Spekreijse et al 2011;Gustin et al 2011).…”

Section: Vector Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, workers in industrial food animal production systems may inadvertently act as a 'bridge' for viruses between animal and human populations. A recent study has shown that the amount of dust produced by large poultry flocks may be high, and that dust-borne infection may be facilitated via artificial ventilation (Spekreijse et al 2011).…”

Section: Commercial Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence and transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1): virus movement, risk factors and pandemic potential

Tian

2015

Annals of GIS

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Repeated outbreaks in epidemic areas and invasion of new countries and regions expanded influence on poultry production, economics and the ecology of wild birds. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has moved the world closer to a further global pandemic. An understanding of HPAI H5N1 transmission and persistence is therefore of significance for the prevention and control of epidemics. In this review we consider virus movement through poultry production systems (live bird markets, small holder farms and industry), wild bird migration and vector media (biological and mechanical); risk factors in poultry production systems (commercial, backyard and free-grazing farm); and the ecological environments (avian community, ecology and geographical isolation) of epidemic areas, and their effects on H5N1 virus transmission and persistence. We conclude that the pandemic potential, widespread transmission and sustained persistence of H5N1 is the result of conflicts between traditional production and consumption habits and the intense poultry production industry in Southeast Asia.

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Section: Vector Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Commercial Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1): virus movement, risk factors and pandemic potential

Tian

2015

Annals of GIS

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“…Studying dust‐borne virus spread of HPAIv during a disease‐free period is difficult, and the only way of gaining insight into distance‐related spread is by doing experiments. In a previous study, the rate of airborne transmission of HPAIv over short distances (up to 1·2 m) within an experimental unit was determined, and it was demonstrated that virus could be transmitted over a short distance and that dust was the possible vector of transmission 26 . A study by Yee et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of dust‐borne transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus between chickens

Spekreijse

Bouma

Koch

et al. 2012

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Please cite this paper as: Spekreijse et al. (2013) Quantification of dust‐borne transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus between chickens. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(2) 132–138. Background Understanding the transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIv) between poultry flocks is essential to prevent and control epidemics. Dust, produced in infected chicken flocks, has been hypothesized to be an important mechanical vector for between‐flock transmission of HPAIv. Objectives The aim of our study was to quantify the amount of virus shed by infected birds and its relation to deposition of virus in the environment and the rate of dust‐borne transmission between groups of chickens. Methods Four replicate experiments were performed, each replicate with two groups of 14 chickens housed in two separate rooms. In one group, chickens were inoculated with HPAIv. Ventilation forced the air from that room to the second (recipient) group through a tube. Deceased birds in the inoculated group were replaced with new susceptible birds up to day 10 p.i. Dust samples were collected daily. Trachea and cloaca swabs were collected daily to determine virus shedding and virus spread to the recipient group. Results The amount of virus detected in dust samples in the recipient room was, on average, 10 3·7 EID 50 /m 3 . Virus transmission from the inoculated to the recipient group occurred in two experiments. The transmission rate parameter for dust‐borne transmission was estimated at 0·08 new infections/infectious chicken/day. Conclusions The results of this study are a first step to elucidate the importance of dust‐borne transmission of HPAIv between flocks and help interpret environmental samples.

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“…As the relative contribution of different transmission mechanisms is poorly understood (Spekreijse et al, 2011a), the total infection pressure, β , was modelled as the sum of the infection pressure due to two independent routes; namely transmission via: (i) aerosol ( β a ), which represented direct bird-to-bird contact (i.e. dependent on ‘ I ’); and (ii) via infectious faeces ( β f ), which represented indirect contact via faecal contamination of dust and drinking/feeding equipment (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of within-farm transmission for network dynamics: Consequences for the spread of avian influenza

Nickbakhsh¹,

Matthews²,

Dent³

et al. 2013

Epidemics

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Airborne transmission of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus strain H5N1 between groups of chickens quantified in an experimental setting

Cited by 40 publications

References 25 publications

Persistence and transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1): virus movement, risk factors and pandemic potential

Persistence and transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1): virus movement, risk factors and pandemic potential

Quantification of dust‐borne transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus between chickens

Implications of within-farm transmission for network dynamics: Consequences for the spread of avian influenza

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