Airborne sound insulation between dwellings, from 50 vs. 100 Hz – A compilation of Swedish field surveys

Ljunggren, Fredrik; Simmons, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2017.12.017

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…8 Other related examples are the acoustic comfort evaluation in France with multi-storey lightweight buildings, 9 the Finnish studies of occupants' satisfaction with the sound insulation focused on wall constructions, 10 and the Swedish investigation about airborne sound insulation between dwellings. 11 Common conclusions in these studies are that occupants in general are rather satisfied by the acoustic comfort in their homes. Exceptions exist though, and impact sound is repeatedly pointed out as being a source of great annoyance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acoustic indoor quality as perceived by occupants of multi-family houses has been investigated in Sweden through three successive research projects (AkuLite, Aku20 and AkuTimber) running from 2010 to 2021. Parts of the results, primarily focused on impact sound insulation, [16][17][18] but to some extent also on airborne sound insulation, 11 have so far been presented by the authors. A unique feature with the impact sound related work [16][17][18] is that frequencies as low as 20 Hz were considered in the measurements and in the relation to subjectively rated annoyance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sound insulation in multi-family houses: Proposal of single number limits for acoustical protection and comfort

Ljunggren,

Simmons

2023

Building Acoustics

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In this paper, the acoustical quality in apartment housing is studied. The purpose is to find out to what extent occupants are annoyed by indoor noise and to compare the annoyance with measured airborne and impact sound insulation. The occupants in 38 building cases in Sweden, grouped into different construction categories, were asked in a questionnaire to rate their annoyance for a variety of potentially disturbing sound sources. In total, 1230 individual responses were used for the statistical analyses. The result shows that on average, the occupants are quite satisfied and reported low annoyance. This is taken as an indication that the present National legislation for sound insulation, airborne sound insulation included, works well. However, annoyance from footstep of walking neighbours is an exception, causing significantly greater annoyance compared to any other source, especially among occupants in lightweight buildings. The commonly used impact sound insulation descriptors are unable to match subjective experience. In combination with the sensitivity of lightweight floors to low-frequency sounds, improper building designs are likely to result in poor noise protection for the occupants. To overcome this issue, a new single number quantity taking frequencies as low as 25 Hz into account is suggested.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sound insulation in multi-family houses: Proposal of single number limits for acoustical protection and comfort

Ljunggren,

Simmons

2023

Building Acoustics

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“…2 In this context, several authors have investigated acoustic comfort in residential buildings, for example, in Norway, 3 or comfort in timber-based buildings in Sweden 4 and several researchers investigated the effect of low frequencies on dwellers. 5,6 Many reports from consulting companies and published scientific studies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] have shown that even if the requirements on sound insulation defined through R w are fulfilled, good acoustic comfort in dwellings is not guaranteed. One of the drawbacks of R w is that it does not take into account noise components below 100 Hz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many reports from consulting companies and published scientific studies 7–18 have shown that even if the requirements on sound insulation defined through R w are fulfilled, good acoustic comfort in dwellings is not guaranteed. One of the drawbacks of R w is that it does not take into account noise components below 100 Hz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of adequacy of single number quantities for wall insulation performance based on the Zwicker’s loudness of transmitted indoor noise

Glorieux,

Chmelík,

Rychtáriková

2024

Building Acoustics

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Previous work suggested a method that makes use of the Zwicker’s loudness value of transmitted sound to validate single number quantities (SNQs) determining the airborne sound insulation of walls in dwellings. The correlation between the ranking of walls based on a SNQ, and the one based on transmitted sound loudness was used to qualify the adequacy of that SNQ. The underlying idea is that Zwicker’s loudness adequately represents people’s perception of loudness and that evaluations based on calculated loudness can substitute listening tests. The current work compares 16 SNQs: eight standardized or proposed in past studies, and eight new ones. The results are more robust, since more (56) walls were included, among which also highly isolating ones. SNQs are assessed for the indoor noise stimulus recently suggested by CSTB, France, and also for four filtered variants, and for two levels, the ‘usual’ or ‘normal’ level (as reported by CSTB), and that level increased by 10 dB, expressing the less common but psychologically and socially relevant situation of excessive neighbour noise. The adequacy of SNQs is analysed per wall category, (1) lightweight, (2) heavyweight, (3) CLT-based and (4) combined walls and per stimulus type. Three approaches are used to quantify the correlation between SNQ-based wall insulation performance rankings and Loudness based ones: (i) Spearman’s correlation coefficient, (ii) correlation and (iii) inverse RMS residual of fitting with a parametrized function that has been empirically conceived so as to describe as good as possible the correlation SNQ-Loudness correlation behaviour for the considered population of walls.

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“…Over the last years, an increased interest in sound insulation at low frequencies can be observed. Although in current standards the assessment of sound insulation in the frequency range down to 50Hz is still optional [1,2], most studies recommend the inclusion of frequencies below 100 Hz [3,4]. However, it is also well known that measurents of the sound reduction index according to the standard ISO 10140:2010 [5] at frequencies below 100 Hz are affected by a large uncertainty [6,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the sound reduction index of building elements by near field excitation through an array of loudspeakers and structural response measurements by laser Doppler vibrometry

et al. 2018

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At low frequencies the assessment of the sound reduction index of building elements in the laboratory according to the standard ISO 10140-2:2010 is burdened by a large variation in the measurement results. This is due to the fact that at low frequencies the acoustic field is not sufficiently diffuse. This paper discusses a measurement procedure in which a diffuse field is created in the source room by means of an array of loudspeakers positioned closely to the building insulation element under test. This procedure exploits the acoustic near field of the loudspeaker array. The problems related to the breakdown of the diffuse field assumption of the receiving room are eliminated by measuring the structural response of the building insulation element under test by means of laser Doppler vibrometry and the application of the Rayleigh integral to compute the radiated sound power. The sound reduction index is determined from the ratio of the incident sound power, created by the loudspeaker array, and the radiated sound power. The measurement approach is validated by means of a measurement of the sound reduction index of a single layer glazing. Comparisons are made with an analytical model and with a standardized ISO 10140-2:2010 measurement. Although the method offers clear, strong points in terms of removing room acoustic effects from the measurements in the lower frequency range, a point of concern is the measurement effort.

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Airborne sound insulation between dwellings, from 50 vs. 100 Hz – A compilation of Swedish field surveys

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Sound insulation in multi-family houses: Proposal of single number limits for acoustical protection and comfort

Sound insulation in multi-family houses: Proposal of single number limits for acoustical protection and comfort

Assessment of adequacy of single number quantities for wall insulation performance based on the Zwicker’s loudness of transmitted indoor noise

Assessment of the sound reduction index of building elements by near field excitation through an array of loudspeakers and structural response measurements by laser Doppler vibrometry

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Airborne sound insulation between dwellings, from 50 vs. 100 Hz – A compilation of Swedish field surveys

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Sound insulation in multi-family houses: Proposal of single number limits for acoustical protection and comfort

Sound insulation in multi-family houses: Proposal of single number limits for acoustical protection and comfort

Assessment of adequacy of single number quantities for wall insulation performance based on the Zwicker’s loudness of transmitted indoor noise

Assessment of the sound reduction index of building elements by near field excitation through an array of loudspeakers and structural response measurements by laser Doppler vibrometry

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Airborne sound insulation between dwellings, from 50 vs. 100 Hz – A compilation of Swedish field surveys