Airborne Single Particle Mass Spectrometers (SPLAT II &amp; miniSPLAT) and New Software for Data Visualization and Analysis in a Geo-Spatial Context

Zelenyuk, Alla; Imre, Dan G.; Wilson, Jacqueline; Zhang, Zhiyuan; Wang, Jun; Mueller, Klaus

doi:10.1007/s13361-014-1043-4

Cited by 63 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…It was used on all 10 research flights, sized approximately 32 million individual particles, and characterized size and mixing state of about 250,000 particles. While the vast majority of aerosol particles were composed of oxygenated organics mixed with various amounts of sulfates, as will be discussed later, miniSPLAT also detected and characterized fresh and aged soot particles, biomass burning aerosol, organic amines, as well as a small number of dust and sea‐salt particles [ Zelenyuk et al ., ].…”

Section: Phase I Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Two‐Column Aerosol Project: Phase I—Overview and impact of elevated aerosol layers on aerosol optical depth

et al. 2016

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The Two‐Column Aerosol Project (TCAP), conducted from June 2012 through June 2013, was a unique study designed to provide a comprehensive data set that can be used to investigate a number of important climate science questions, including those related to aerosol mixing state and aerosol radiative forcing. The study was designed to sample the atmosphere between and within two atmospheric columns; one fixed near the coast of North America (over Cape Cod, MA) and a second moveable column over the Atlantic Ocean several hundred kilometers from the coast. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF) was deployed at the base of the Cape Cod column, and the ARM Aerial Facility was utilized for the summer and winter intensive observation periods. One important finding from TCAP is that four of six nearly cloud‐free flight days had aerosol layers aloft in both the Cape Cod and maritime columns that were detected using the nadir pointing second‐generation NASA high‐spectral resolution lidar (HSRL‐2). These layers contributed up to 60% of the total observed aerosol optical depth (AOD). Many of these layers were also intercepted by the aircraft configured for in situ sampling, and the aerosol in the layers was found to have increased amounts of biomass burning material and nitrate compared to aerosol found near the surface. In addition, while there was a great deal of spatial and day‐to‐day variability in the aerosol chemical composition and optical properties, no systematic differences between the two columns were observed.

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Section: Phase I Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Two‐Column Aerosol Project: Phase I—Overview and impact of elevated aerosol layers on aerosol optical depth

et al. 2016

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“…A biomass burning classification was assigned in ISDAC data when a cloud had contact with discernable amounts of biomass burning aerosols, as determined by single particle mass spectrometer, SPLAT II (Zelenyuk et al 2009(Zelenyuk et al , 2015, based on the mass spectral analysis of individual aerosol particles (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Air Mass Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aircraft-measured indirect cloud effects from biomass burning smoke in the Arctic and subarctic

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The incidence of wildfires in the Arctic and subarctic is increasing; in boreal North America, for example, the burned area is expected to increase by 200-300 % over the next 50-100 years, which previous studies suggest could have a large effect on cloud microphysics, lifetime, albedo, and precipitation. However, the interactions between smoke particles and clouds remain poorly quantified due to confounding meteorological influences and remote sensing limitations. Here, we use data from several aircraft campaigns in the Arctic and subarctic to explore cloud microphysics in liquid-phase clouds influenced by biomass burning. Median cloud droplet radii in smoky clouds were ∼ 40-60 % smaller than in background clouds. Based on the relationship between cloud droplet number (N liq ) and various biomass burning tracers (BB t ) across the multi-campaign data set, we calculated the magnitude of subarctic and Arctic smoke aerosol-cloud interactions (ACIs, where ACI = (1/3) × d ln(N liq )/d ln(BB t )) to be ∼ 0.16 out of a maximum possible value of 0.33 that would be obtained if all aerosols were to nucleate cloud droplets. Interestingly, in a separate subarctic case study with low liquid water content (∼ 0.02 g m −3 ) and very high aerosol concentrations (2000-3000 cm −3 ) in the most polluted clouds, the estimated ACI value was only 0.05. In this case, competition for water vapor by the high concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) strongly limited the formation of droplets and reduced the cloud albedo effect, which highlights the importance of cloud feedbacks across scales. Using our calculated ACI values, we estimate that the smoke-driven cloud albedo effect may decrease local summertime short-wave radiative flux by between 2 and 4 W m −2 or more under some low and homogeneous cloud cover conditions in the subarctic, although the changes should be smaller in high surface albedo regions of the Arctic. We lastly explore evidence suggesting that numerous northern-latitude background Aitken particles can interact with combustion particles, perhaps impacting their properties as cloud condensation and ice nuclei.

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“…The second and third questions can be considered as "practicaloriented" because they are focused mostly on practical situations when information on the chemical composition is not available (an "incomplete" dataset) and assumptions about aerosol composition are required. Given that the dimension/weight of several instruments commonly deployed to measure the aerosol chemical composition, such as the miniaturized version of the aircraft-compatible single particle mass spectrometer (miniSPLAT; [44]) and the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS), is substantial, they are deployed less frequently on mid-to-large size aerial platforms. Moreover, they cannot be deployed on small aerial platforms, such as small or unmanned aircraft.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Aerosol in Situ Measurements during TCAP: A Closure Study of Total Scattering

et al. 2015

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We present a framework for calculating the total scattering of both non-absorbing and absorbing aerosol at ambient conditions from aircraft data. Our framework is developed emphasizing the explicit use of chemical composition data for estimating the complex refractive index (RI) of particles, and thus obtaining improved ambient size spectra derived from Optical Particle Counter (OPC) measurements. The feasibility of our framework for improved calculations of total scattering is demonstrated using three types of data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) aircraft during the Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP). Namely, these data types are: (1) size distributions measured by a suite of OPC's; (2) chemical composition data measured by an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer and a Single Particle Soot Photometer; and (3) the dry total scattering coefficient measured by a integrating nephelometer and scattering enhancement factor measured with a humidification system. We demonstrate that good agreement (~10%) between the observed and calculated scattering can be obtained under ambient conditions (RH < 80%) by applying chemical composition data for the RI-based correction OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2015, 6 1070 of the OPC-derived size spectra. We also demonstrate that ignoring the RI-based correction or using non-representative RI values can cause a substantial underestimation (~40%) or overestimation (~35%) of the calculated scattering, respectively.

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Airborne Single Particle Mass Spectrometers (SPLAT II & miniSPLAT) and New Software for Data Visualization and Analysis in a Geo-Spatial Context

Cited by 63 publications

References 68 publications

The Two‐Column Aerosol Project: Phase I—Overview and impact of elevated aerosol layers on aerosol optical depth

The Two‐Column Aerosol Project: Phase I—Overview and impact of elevated aerosol layers on aerosol optical depth

Aircraft-measured indirect cloud effects from biomass burning smoke in the Arctic and subarctic

Airborne Aerosol in Situ Measurements during TCAP: A Closure Study of Total Scattering

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