Airborne Rodent Allergen Levels in Dutch Households: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Little research has been conducted in Europe regarding indoor exposure to airborne rodent allergens. The aims of this study were to gain insight into the prevalence of rodent allergens in airborne dust in Dutch households, to assess whether there is a relationship between rodent sightings and detectable allergens, and to identify risk factors associated with the presence of rodent allergens. Airborne dust was collected from the living rooms of 80 households distributed around central Netherlands by passive sampling using electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs). Samples were analysed for mouse (Mus m 1) and rat (Rat n 1) allergens. Participants completed a questionnaire on household and building characteristics, household pets, cleaning habits and ventilation. Mouse allergen was more prevalent than rat allergen and mouse sightings within the past year more than doubled the odds of detectable mouse allergen. Proximity to green areas, ventilation through an open window and insulation under the living room floor were determinants for detectable mouse allergen. Conversely, proximity to surface water was protective. No significant association was found between asthma and detectable mouse allergen. The passive EDC sampling method was used successfully to detect mouse and rat allergens in homes. The presence of mouse allergen was associated with previous mouse sightings. Risk factors and protective factors associated with the presence and levels of mouse allergen were identified.

The influence of urban exposures and residence on childhood asthma

“…10,22 A study out of Strasburg, France found in-home rodent allergen concentrations to be lower than rodent allergen concentrations found in US homes, 23 with a recent Dutch study finding no association between self-reported asthma and detectable mouse allergen. 22 However, cockroach allergen may be a more important urban pest allergen in Europe. A separate study out of Strasburg, France found high concentrations of cockroach allergen in low-cost public housing.…”

“…Mouse allergen exposure in European homes is not as well‐studied or characterized and may be less clinically relevant 10,22 . A study out of Strasburg, France found in‐home rodent allergen concentrations to be lower than rodent allergen concentrations found in US homes, 23 with a recent Dutch study finding no association between self‐reported asthma and detectable mouse allergen 22 . However, cockroach allergen may be a more important urban pest allergen in Europe.…”