Airborne Nanoparticles: Control and Detection

Rezaei, Mohsen; Johnson, Matthew S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0596-7_1099

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…), calciner fuel control should always adhere to the same fundamental guidelines. The obvious ones are a steady control mass flow rate from the fuel dosing system and good fuel homogenization to supply stable, quality fuel to the calciner(s) [67].…”

Section: Calciner Process Control Fuel Calcination and Control Loopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Fuel Substitution Improvements in Low NOx In-Line Calciners

et al. 2023

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The process of making cement clinker uses a lot of energy and produces a lot of pollution. Currently, cement companies use a combination of traditional fossil fuels and alternative fuels (AF-Fuels) to lower their energy consumption and environmental footprint by improving the pyro-system. In a calciner, AF-Fuels can reach a thermal substitution rate (TSR) of up to 80–100%. However, a kiln burner can only achieve a TSR of 50–60%. High TSR values have been provided by improvements in multi-channel burners, proper AF-Fuel feeding point setups, and various AF pre-combustion methods. Significant modeling of the calciner burner and system has also improved TSRs. However, the cement industry has encountered operational problems such as kiln coating build-up, reduced flame temperatures, higher specific heat consumption, and incomplete combustion. There is growing interest in waste substitution, a promising source of AF-Fuel that needs to be integrated into the current cement plant design to solve the calciner operational problems of the cement industry. This study discusses the latest developments and different experimental and modeling studies performed on the direct burning/co-firing of AF-Fuel in the cement industry as well as the incorporation of gasification in cement manufacturing. Based on this, a technically and environmentally improved solution is proposed. The characteristics of both approaches towards pre-calciner function and optimization are critically assessed. The many in-line cement calciner integration technologies and their various configurations for the long-term problems of cement plants are discussed. This project report also focuses on the necessity of creating appropriate calciner models for forecasting calciner production based on various AF-Fuels and their feeding positions in the calciner.

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Section: Calciner Process Control Fuel Calcination and Control Loopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Fuel Substitution Improvements in Low NOx In-Line Calciners

et al. 2023

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“…Airborne nanoparticles − include pollutants, toxins, engineered nanoparticles, and infectious/harmful viruses (∼20–300 nm in diameter), such as the influenza virus, rhinovirus, and coronavirus, among others. − Most conventional air filters, − for example, the high-efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA) and the non-oil 95% efficiency filter (N95) have excellent air flow rates (∼1.08 × 10 –3 to 4.40 × 10 –2 mol m –2 s –1 Pa –1 ) , but struggle to filter nanoparticles <300 nm. State-of-the-art personal protective equipment (PPE), for example, masks capable of filtering nanoparticles <300 nm and specifically in the lower size ranges (<100 nm) remain bulky and cumbersome to use and, in most cases, create thermal stress due to poor breathability; that is, they do not allow for sweat-based cooling via rapid water vapor transport .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoporous Atomically Thin Graphene Filters for Nanoscale Aerosols

Peng

Harkaway

Naclerio

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Filtering nanoparticulate aerosols from air streams is important for a wide range of personal protection equipment (PPE), including masks used for medical research, healthcare, law enforcement, first responders, and military applications. Conventional PPEs capable of filtering nanoparticles <300 nm are typically bulky and sacrifice breathability to maximize protection from exposure to harmful nanoparticulate aerosols including viruses ∼20–300 nm from air streams. Here, we show that nanopores introduced into centimeter-scale monolayer graphene supported on polycarbonate track-etched supports via a facile oxygen plasma etch can allow for filtration of aerosolized SiO2 nanoparticles of ∼5–20 nm from air steams while maintaining air permeance of ∼2.28–7.1 × 10–5 mol m–2 s–1 Pa–1. Furthermore, a systematic increase in oxygen plasma etch time allows for a tunable size-selective filtration of aerosolized nanoparticles. We demonstrate a new route to realize ultra-compact, lightweight, and conformal form-factor filters capable of blocking sub-20 nm aerosolized nanoparticles with particular relevance for biological/viral threat mitigation.

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“…10 These regulations have driven the development of monitoring technologies for NPs. The current techniques are either preweight sensors 15,16 or real-time optical counters 17,18 which are limited and usually cannot monitor UFPs. A recent report compared tens of portable air quality sensors all for PM 1 − PM 10 that are based on light scattering 19 In this context, extensive research has been directed to the development of UFP sensors, 15,20 with several commercially available solutions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current techniques are either preweight sensors 15,16 or real-time optical counters 17,18 which are limited and usually cannot monitor UFPs. A recent report compared tens of portable air quality sensors all for PM 1 − PM 10 that are based on light scattering 19 In this context, extensive research has been directed to the development of UFP sensors, 15,20 with several commercially available solutions. 15,21−29 However, these approaches are usually cumbersome, expensive, and insensitive to neither the structure and morphology nor the composition of the NPs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, extensive research has been directed to the development of UFP sensors, , with several commercially available solutions. ,− However, these approaches are usually cumbersome, expensive, and insensitive to neither the structure and morphology nor the composition of the NPs. , There is currently no standardized method for the measurement or reporting of ambient UFPs, and therefore, no clear guidelines as to the acceptable levels . Moreover, and to the best of our knowledge, there are currently no technologies for the continuous, real-time sensing and size discrimination of UFP in air, which are sensitive to the shape and, in particular, to the shell of engineered NPs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-Selective Detection of Nanoparticles in Solution and Air by Imprinting

et al. 2022

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Monitoring of nanoparticles (NPs) in air and aquatic environments is an unmet challenge accentuated by the rising exposure to anthropogenic or engineered NPs. The inherent heterogeneity in size, shape, and the stabilizing shell of NPs makes their selective recognition a daunting task. Thus far, only a few technologies have shown promise in detecting NPs; however, they are cumbersome, costly, and insensitive to the NPs morphology or composition. Herein, we apply an approach termed nanoparticle-imprinted matrices (NAIM), which is based on creating voids in a thin layer by imprinting NPs followed by their removal. The NAIM was formed on an interdigitated electrode (IDE) and used for the size-selective detection of silica NPs. Three-and 5-fold increases in capacitance were observed for the reuptake of NPs with similar diameter, compared to smaller or larger NPs, in air and liquid phase, respectively. En masse, the proposed approach lays the foundation for the emergence of field-effective, inexpensive, real-life applicable sensors that will allow online monitoring of NPs in air and liquids.

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Airborne Nanoparticles: Control and Detection

Cited by 4 publications

References 138 publications

Alternative Fuel Substitution Improvements in Low NOx In-Line Calciners

Alternative Fuel Substitution Improvements in Low NOx In-Line Calciners

Nanoporous Atomically Thin Graphene Filters for Nanoscale Aerosols

Size-Selective Detection of Nanoparticles in Solution and Air by Imprinting

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