Airborne multi-axis DOAS measurements of tropospheric SO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; plumes in the Po-valley, Italy

Wang, P.; Richter, Andreas; Bruns, M.; Burrows, J. P.; Scheele, Rinus; Junkermann, W.; Heue, Klaus-Peter; Wagner, Thomas; Platt, U.; Pundt, I.

doi:10.5194/acp-6-329-2006

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…at a few degrees) is often blocked by obstacles like buildings or trees. For airborne and ship MAX-DOAS observations (Leser et al, 2003;Heue et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2005Wang et al, , 2006Bruns et al, 2006;Dix et al, 2009), also viewing angles close to the horizon might be used. For ship MAX-DOAS observations profile retrievals should in general be possible.…”

Section: Tropospheric Trace Gas Retrieval From Max-doas Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile MAX-DOAS observations of tropospheric trace gases

et al. 2010

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Abstract. From Multi-Axis-(MAX-) DOAS observations, information on tropospheric trace gases close to the surface and up to the free troposphere can be obtained. Usually MAX-DOAS observations are performed at fixed locations, which allows to retrieve the diurnal variation of tropospheric species at that location. Alternatively, MAX-DOAS observations can also be made on mobile platforms like cars, ships or aircrafts. Then, in addition to the vertical (and temporal) distribution, also the horizontal variation of tropospheric trace gases can be measured. Such information is important for the quantitative comparison with model simulations, study of transport processes, and for the validation of tropospheric trace gas products from satellite observations. However, for MAX-DOAS observations from mobile platforms, the standard analysis techniques for MAX-DOAS observations can usually not be applied, because the probed airmasses can change rapidly between successive measurements. In this study we introduce a new technique which overcomes these problems and allows the exploitation of the full information content of mobile MAX-DOAS observations. Our method can also be applied to MAX-DOAS observations made at fixed locations in order to improve the accuracy especially in cases of strong winds. We apply the new technique to MAX-DOAS observations made during an automobile trip from Brussels to Heidelberg.

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Section: Tropospheric Trace Gas Retrieval From Max-doas Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile MAX-DOAS observations of tropospheric trace gases

et al. 2010

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“…During recent decades a variety of airborne Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements were reported (e.g., Wahner et al, 1990;Pfeilsticker and Platt, 1994;McElroy et al, 1999;Petritoli et al, 2002;Melamed et al, 2003;Bruns et al, 2004;Heue et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2005;Bruns et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2006;Heue et al, 2008;Dix et al, 2009;Merlaud et al, 2011;PradosRoman et al, 2011;Merlaud et al, 2012;Baidar et al, 2013), taking place at different flight altitudes and regions of the globe. The aim of these measurements ranged from studies of stratospheric chemistry to tropospheric point source emissions, but only a few of them used Imaging-DOAS (I-DOAS) techniques to acquire 2-dimensional spatially resolved trace gas distributions (e.g., Heue et al, 2008;Kowalewski and Janz, 2009;Popp et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) – a novel imaging DOAS device for 2-D and 3-D imaging of trace gases and aerosols

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Many relevant processes in tropospheric chemistry take place on rather small scales (e.g., tens to hundreds of meters) but often influence areas of several square kilometer. Thus, measurements of the involved trace gases with high spatial resolution are of great scientific interest. In order to identify individual sources and sinks and ultimately to improve chemical transport models, we developed a new airborne instrument, which is based on the well established Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) method. The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) is a passive imaging DOAS spectrometer, which is capable of recording horizontal and vertical trace gas distributions with a resolution of better than 100 m. Observable species include NO 2 , HCHO, C 2 H 2 O 2 , H 2 O, O 3 , O 4 , SO 2 , IO, OClO and BrO.Here we give a technical description of the instrument including its custom-built spectrographs and CCD detectors. Also first results from measurements with the new instrument are presented. These comprise spatial resolved SO 2 and BrO in volcanic plumes, mapped at Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy), NO 2 emissions in the metropolitan area of Indianapolis (Indiana, USA) as well as BrO and NO 2 distributions measured during arctic springtime in context of the BRomine, Ozone, and Mercury EXperiment (BROMEX) campaign, which was performed 2012 in Barrow (Alaska, USA).

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“…The NO 2 measurements from the GOME instrument (Beirle et al, 2004) shows enhanced NO 2 along the shipway tracks in the Indian Ocean,. The DOAS technique has also been used from airplanes; Wang et al (2006) for instance carried out airborne SO 2 measurements of combustion plants in the Po valley recording ultraviolet light reflected from the ground. The manner the gas flux is derived from the optical measurements here is similar to other mobile remote sensing applications carried out from the ground (Mellqvist et al, 2010;Rivera et al, 2009) i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ship emissions of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub>: DOAS measurements from airborne platforms

et al. 2012

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Abstract.A unique methodology to measure gas fluxes of SO 2 and NO 2 from ships using optical remote sensing is described and demonstrated in a feasibility study. The measurement system is based on Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy using reflected skylight from the water surface as light source. A grating spectrometer records spectra around 311 nm and 440 nm, respectively, with the telescope pointed downward at a 30 • angle from the horizon. The mass column values of SO 2 and NO 2 are retrieved from each spectrum and integrated across the plume. A simple geometric approximation is used to calculate the optical path. To obtain the total emission in kg h −1 the resulting total mass across the plume is multiplied with the apparent wind, i.e. a dilution factor corresponding to the vector between the wind and the ship speed. The system was tested in two feasibility studies in the Baltic Sea and Kattegat, from a CASA-212 airplane in 2008 and in the North Sea outside Rotterdam from a Dauphin helicopter in an EU campaign in 2009. In the Baltic Sea the average SO 2 emission out of 22 ships was (54 ± 13) kg h −1 , and the average NO 2 emission was (33 ± 8) kg h −1 , out of 13 ships. In the North Sea the average SO 2 emission out of 21 ships was (42 ± 11) kg h −1 , NO 2 was not measured here. The detection limit of the system made it possible to detect SO 2 in the ship plumes in 60 % of the measurements when the described method was used.A comparison exercise was carried out by conducting airborne optical measurements on a passenger ferry in parallel with onboard measurements. The comparison shows agreement of (−30 ± 14) % and (−41 ± 11) %, respectively, for two days, with equal measurement precision of about 20 %. This gives an idea of the measurement uncertainty caused by errors in the simple geometric approximation for the optical light path neglecting scattering of the light in ocean waves and direct and multiple scattering in the exhaust plume under various conditions. A tentative error budget indicates uncertainties within 30-45 % but for a reliable error analysis the optical light path needs to be modelled.A ship emission model, FMI-STEAM, has been compared to the optical measurements showing an 18 % overestimation and a correlation coefficient (R 2 ) of 0.6. It is shown that a combination of the optical method with modelled power consumption can estimate the sulphur fuel content within 40 %, which would be sufficient to detect the difference between ships running at 1 % and at 0.1 %, limits applicable within the IMO regulated areas.

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Airborne multi-axis DOAS measurements of tropospheric SO<sub>2</sub> plumes in the Po-valley, Italy

Cited by 42 publications

References 28 publications

Mobile MAX-DOAS observations of tropospheric trace gases

Mobile MAX-DOAS observations of tropospheric trace gases

The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) – a novel imaging DOAS device for 2-D and 3-D imaging of trace gases and aerosols

Ship emissions of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub>: DOAS measurements from airborne platforms

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Airborne multi-axis DOAS measurements of tropospheric SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; plumes in the Po-valley, Italy

Cited by 42 publications

References 28 publications

Mobile MAX-DOAS observations of tropospheric trace gases

Mobile MAX-DOAS observations of tropospheric trace gases

The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) – a novel imaging DOAS device for 2-D and 3-D imaging of trace gases and aerosols

Ship emissions of SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;: DOAS measurements from airborne platforms

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Airborne multi-axis DOAS measurements of tropospheric SO<sub>2</sub> plumes in the Po-valley, Italy

Ship emissions of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub>: DOAS measurements from airborne platforms