Airborne fungal spores in a sawmill environment in Palakkad District, Kerala, India

Airborne ascospores in Mérida (SW Spain) and the effect of rain and other meteorological parameters on their concentration

“…The fourth group, the Chaetomium type, had an annual mean concentration of 1.4 ascospores/m 3 , with maxima first in spring and then in summer. This type has been recorded abundantly in India with concentrations of 30 ascospores/m 3 (Jothish and Nayar (2004) and maximum values in June (Das and Gupta-Bhattacharya 2008).…”

“…A number of data are: 0:163, 1: 69, 2:46, 3:31, 4:25, 5:20, 6:18, 7:13, 8:12, and 9:10 in the present case could be Leptosphaeria type 1, although this was one of the most frequent ascospore types found. Indeed, this difficulty in identifying ascospores is reflected in the small number of types identified in the literature: for instance, only one type (Dames and Cadman 1994;Lim et al 1998;Jothish and Nayar 2004;Ho et al 2005;Gillum and Levetin 2008), 2 types (Li and Kendrick 1995a, b;Nayar et al 2007 The annual mean concentration of ascospores found in the present study is comparable with other values reported in the literature: Halwagy (1994) with about 130 ascospores/m 3 in Kuwait; Dames and Cadman (1994) with 177 ascospores/m 3 in Durban, South Africa; De Antoni-Zoppas et al (2006) with 136 ascospores/m 3 in Caixas do Sul, Brazil; and Gillum and Levetin (2008) with 194 and 250 ascospores/m 3 in two places in Oklahoma, USA. Autumn and winter were the seasons when ascospores were most frequent, although the actual month with the greatest concentration varied, being September in 1 year and December and October in the other.…”

“…Although most of them produce conidiospores or conidia for asexual reproduction, they are recognized by the formation of meiospores named ascospores (Blackwell and Spatafora 2004). Monitoring of airborne spores has found these ascospores to be present in the outdoor air in very diverse proportions that range 0.59-28.6% (Shaheen 1992;Halwagy 1994;Dames and Cadman 1994;Li and Kendrick 1995b;Lim et al 1998;Chakraborty et al 2003;Adhikari et al 2004;Jothish and Nayar 2004;Ho et al 2005;Oliveira et al 2005;Díez-Herrero et al 2006;De Antoni-Zoppas et al 2006;Nayar et al 2007;Nunes et al 2008;Gillum and Levetin 2008;Das and Gupta-Bhattacharya 2008).…”

“…0 means days without rains. A number of data are: studies, however, have reported greater concentrations:Jothish and Nayar (2004) with 740 ascospores/m 3 in Kerala, India; andHo et al (2005) with 871 ascospores/m 3 in Taiwan, with ascospores in this latter case being the most dominant airborne spore type found. On the contrary,Díez- Herrero et al (2006) recorded only 48 ascospores/m 3 in Madrid.…”

Dynamics (seasonal and intra-diurnal) of air-borne fungal spore population of Doha area, Qatar

“…It has been demonstrated that the environmental factors such as meteorological and seasonal climatic factors Klarić & Pepeljnjak, 2006), the type of vegetation (Pepeljnjak & Šegvić, 2003), air pollution (Lin &Li, 2000), and human activities , affect the variety of air borne fungi. Numerous works on airborne fungal spores have been published worldwide with almost the same objectives to detect the dynamics of the aeromycota in associations with the biotic and abiotic factors of their surrounding environment, among those: India (Chandara & Chanada, 2000;Jothish & Nayar, 2004); Australia (Mitakakis & Guest, 2001); Chile (Ibanez et al, 2001), Poland (Stepalska &Wolek, 2005;Grinn-Gofroń & Bosiacka 2015) and In China (Wang et al, 2010). Only a limited number of aeromycological studies were conducted in the Middle East compared to other parts of the world, however the similar objectives were introduced.…”