Airborne engineered nanomaterials in the workplace—a review of release and worker exposure during nanomaterial production and handling processes

Ding, Yaobo; Kuhlbusch, Thomas A. J.; Tongeren, Martie van; Jiménez, Araceli Sánchez; Tuinman, Ilse; Chen, Rui; Alvarez, Iñigo Larraza; Mikołajczyk, Urszula; Nickel, Carmen; Meyer, Jessica; Kaminski, Heinz; Wohlleben, Wendel; Stahlmecke, Burkhard; Clavaguera, Simon; Riediker, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.075

Cited by 121 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Despite relatively extensive mining and industrial use of HNTs and the possibility that a fraction of the HNTs may fulfil the fiber paradigm, we were not able to find occupational exposure studies considering occupational exposure to HNTs (Debia et al, 2016;Ding et al, 2017). In this study, we showed that pouring of ca.…”

Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 70%

Occupational exposure during handling and loading of halloysite nanotubes – A case study of counting nanofibers

et al. 2018

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A B S T R A C THalloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are abundant naturally-occurring hollow aluminosilicate clay mineral fibers with a typical diameter < 100 nm and an aspect ratio of up to 200. Here we assessed the potential inhalation exposure to HNTs in an industrial research laboratory. Inside a fume hood, ten times 100 g of HNTs were poured at rate of 0.5 kg min . Inside the fume hood, the respirable mass concentration was 143 μg m −3 including background particles.Outside the fume hood we did not measure elevated concentrations. We classified 1895 particles according to their length and aspect ratio. Five particles were in aspect ratio > 3 and in length > 2 μm. These particles were agglomerated and/or aggregated particles where the longest individual fiber was 2 μm in length. The occupational exposure limits for refractory mineral fibers vary from 0.1 to 2 fibers cm −3. Following standard protocols for fiber analysis, detection of 0.1 fibers cm −3 would require analysis on 4 × 10 4 images when the filter loading is good. Thus, the fiber sampling and quantification procedures needs to be improved significantly if nanofibers < 100 nm in diameter are included in regulatory exposure assessment. Due to very limited toxicological information of HNTs we recommend avoiding inhalation exposure.

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Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 70%

Occupational exposure during handling and loading of halloysite nanotubes – A case study of counting nanofibers

et al. 2018

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“…If nanomaterials cannot be released from a product matrix in any way (Wohlleben et al 2011a; Bräu et al 2012; Ding et al 2017), these qualifiers may serve to justify the waiving of testing (Arts et al 2015). …”

Section: Decision-making Framework For the Grouping And Testing Of Namentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety assessment of nanomaterials using an advanced decision-making framework, the DF4nanoGrouping

et al. 2017

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As presented at the 2016 TechConnect World Innovation Conference on 22–25 May 2016 in Washington DC, USA, the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) ‘Nano Task Force’ proposes a Decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping) consisting of three tiers to assign nanomaterials to four main groups with possible further subgrouping to refine specific information needs. The DF4nanoGrouping covers all relevant aspects of a nanomaterial’s life cycle and biological pathways: intrinsic material properties and system-dependent properties (that depend upon the nanomaterial’s respective surroundings), biopersistence, uptake and biodistribution, and cellular and apical toxic effects. Use, release, and exposure route may be applied as ‘qualifiers’ to determine if, e.g., nanomaterials cannot be released from products, which may justify waiving of testing. The four main groups encompass (1) soluble, (2) biopersistent high aspect ratio, (3) passive, and (4) active nanomaterials. The DF4nanoGrouping foresees a stepwise evaluation of nanomaterial properties and effects with increasing biological complexity. In case studies covering carbonaceous nanomaterials, metal oxide, and metal sulfate nanomaterials, amorphous silica and organic pigments (all nanomaterials having primary particle sizes below 100 nm), the usefulness of the DF4nanoGrouping for nanomaterial hazard assessment was confirmed. The DF4nanoGrouping facilitates grouping and targeted testing of nanomaterials. It ensures that sufficient data for the risk assessment of a nanomaterial are available, and it fosters the use of non-animal methods. No studies are performed that do not provide crucial data. Thereby, the DF4nanoGrouping serves to save both animals and resources.

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“…The superb physicochemical properties of manufactured nanomaterials (NMs) greatly facilitate their increasingly wide-spread use in medicine and industry which has led to exponential growth of NM-containing industrial products over the past decades. 1,2 Large-scale manufacturing of NMs substantially increased the risks for human health especially but not limited to occupational settings 3 resulting in the release of new guidelines by the World Health Organization (WHO) to protect workers from the potential risks of NMs. 4 In particular, respiratory inhalation of NMs and/or nanosized ambient particulate matter is a major public concern mainly associated with cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity and mortality.…”

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confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Quantitative Co-Mapping of Pulmonary Morphology and Nanoparticle Distribution with Cellular Resolution in Nondissected Murine Lungs

et al. 2019

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Deciphering biodistribution, biokinetics and biological effects of nanoparticles (NPs) in entire organs with cellular resolution remains largely elusive due to the lack of effective imaging tools.Here, light sheet fluorescence microscopy in combination with optical tissue clearing was validated for concomitant three-dimensional mapping of lung morphology and NP biodistribution with cellular resolution in non-dissected ex vivo murine lungs. Tissue autofluorescence allowed for label-free, quantitative morphometry of the entire bronchial tree, acinar structure and blood vessels. Co-registration of fluorescent NPs with lung morphology revealed significant differences in pulmonary NP distribution depending on the means of application (intratracheal instillation and ventilator-assisted aerosol inhalation under anesthetized conditions). Inhalation exhibited a more homogeneous NP distribution in conducting airways and acini indicated by a central-to-peripheral (C/P) NP deposition ratio of unity (0.98 ± 0.13) as compared to a 2-fold enhanced central deposition (C/P = 1.98 ± 0.37) for instillation. After inhalation most of NPs were observed in proximal part of the acini as predicted by Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. At cellular resolution patchy NP deposition was visualized in bronchioles and acini, but more pronounced for instillation. Excellent linearity of the fluorescence intensity-dose response curve allowed for accurate NP dosimetry and revealed ca. 5% of the inhaled aerosol was deposited in the lungs. This single-modality imaging technique allows for quantitative co-registration of tissue architecture and NP biodistribution, which could accelerate elucidation of NP biokinetics and bioactivity within intact tissues facilitating both nanotoxicology studies and the development of nanomedicines. Keywords

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Airborne engineered nanomaterials in the workplace—a review of release and worker exposure during nanomaterial production and handling processes

Cited by 121 publications

References 68 publications

Occupational exposure during handling and loading of halloysite nanotubes – A case study of counting nanofibers

Occupational exposure during handling and loading of halloysite nanotubes – A case study of counting nanofibers

Safety assessment of nanomaterials using an advanced decision-making framework, the DF4nanoGrouping

Three-Dimensional Quantitative Co-Mapping of Pulmonary Morphology and Nanoparticle Distribution with Cellular Resolution in Nondissected Murine Lungs

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