Airborne Detection and Quantification of Swine Influenza A Virus in Air Samples Collected Inside, Outside and Downwind from Swine Barns

Corzo, Cesar; Culhane, Marie; Dee, Scott; Morrison, Robert B.; Torremorell, Montserrat

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071444

Cited by 73 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Bioaerosols containing infectious particles have been detected at 2.1 km (Corzo et al, 2013) and 9.2 km (Otake et al, 2010) downwind from their sources. Further evidence suggests that infectious aerosols could have caused disease up to 80 km away from the presumed sources and potentially even greater distances (Jones et al, 2004; Verreault et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an environmentally controlled rotating chamber for bioaerosol aging studies

Verreault

Duchaine

Marcoux-Voiselle

et al. 2014

Inhalation Toxicology

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A chamber was designed and built to study the long-term effects of environmental conditions on air-borne microorganisms. The system consists of a 55.5-L cylindrical chamber, which can rotate at variable speeds on its axis. The chamber is placed within an insulated temperature controlled enclosure which can be either cooled or heated with piezoelectric units. A germicidal light located at the chamber center irradiates at a 360° angle. Access ports are located on the stationary sections on both ends of the chamber. Relative humidity (RH) is controlled by passing the aerosol through meshed tubes surrounded by desiccant. Validation assay indicates that the interior temperature is stable with less than 0.5 °C in variation when set between 18 and 30 °C with the UV light having no effect of temperature during operation. RH levels set at 20%, 50% and 80% varied by 2.2%, 3.3% and 3.3%, respectively, over a 14-h period. The remaining fraction of particles after 18 h of suspension was 8.8% at 1 rotation per minute (rpm) and 2.6% at 0 rpm with the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) changing from 1.21 ± 0.04 μm to 1.30 ± 0.02 μm at 1 rpm and from 1.21 ± 0.04 μm to 0.91 ± 0.01 μm at 0 rpm within the same time period. This chamber can be used to increase the time of particle suspension in an aerosol cloud and control the temperature, RH and UV exposure; the design facilitates stationary sampling to be performed while the chamber is rotating.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an environmentally controlled rotating chamber for bioaerosol aging studies

Verreault

Duchaine

Marcoux-Voiselle

et al. 2014

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…Only in sampling plan of swine respiratory pathogens, air samples were collected for detection. Updated methodology used in Corzo’s study24 was that collector ran for 30 minutes on air sampling, which was 10 minutes more than the time lasted in our study. Short time period of air samples collection might give rise to the possibilities of virus levels being below the detection limit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s Caregivers and Public Playgrounds: Potential Reservoirs of Infection of Hand-foot-and-mouth Disease

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease, which has led to millions of clinical cases and hundreds of deaths every year in China. This study aimed to exploring the effects on HFMD transmission of children’s caregivers and public area, as well as trying to locate the potential reservoirs of infections in primary cases. Total children’s 257 samples (98 children’s caregivers and 159 environmental samples) were tested for the presence of universal enterovirus, enterovirus 71, coxsackie virus A6 and A16 by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). 5.84% (15/257, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.98%, 8.70%) of total samples had positive results of enterovirus. The enterovirus positive rates of children’s caregiver samples and environmental samples were respectively 7.14% (7/98, 95% CI: 2.04%, 12.24%), and 5.03% (8/159, 95% CI: 1.63%, 8.43%); 7.61% (7/92, 95% CI: 2.21%, 13.01%) of wiping samples from playgrounds and 1.49% (1/67, 95% CI: 0, 7.00%) of air samples in indoor market places had positive result of enterovirus. High positive rates of enterovirus in children’s caregivers and from playgrounds indicated that they would be potential reservoirs of HFMD infection, as children might be infected via contacting with asymptomatic-infected individuals or exposure of contaminated surface of public facilities.

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“…In parallel, AGI-30 samplers were used to collect outdoor air samples at different sites upwind (10 m and 100 m away) and downwind (100 m, 1.0 km and 1.5 km away) from the chicken houses. During the sampling, the AGI-30 samplers, containing 20 mL phosphate buffered saline solution, were placed 1.5 m above the ground and run for 30 min to collect air samples with air flow rate 12.5 L/min [15,17]. Once sampling was completed, samples were stored on ice and transported within 12 hours to our laboratory for further processing.…”

Section: Collection Of the Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A small-scale study on airborne transmission of H9N2 avian influenza virus under field conditions

Song¹,

Zhou²,

Gao³

et al. 2018

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIV) can transmit in chicken flocks through direct contact and aerosols. Nevertheless, data on airborne transmission of AIV is very limited, especially under field conditions. To fill this literature gap, this study was designed to investigate airborne transmission of H9N2 AIV originating from infected chicken flocks under field conditions, with the aim to further characterize the airborne transmission of H9N2 AIV. Methodology: Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from different diseased chickens to confirm H9N2 AIV infection. All glass impingers 30 (AGI-30) were used to collect indoor, upwind and downwind air samples for three chicken houses with H9N2 AIV infected chickens. Swabs and air samples were tested for H9N2 AIV using a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR). H9N2 AIV was isolated in embryonated chicken eggs and hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequence similarity of the isolated AIV was compared. Results: The results showed that indoor air samples were all RRT-PCR positive for H9N2 AIV. Downwind air samples collected between 10 m and 1.5 km away from the chicken houses were also found positive with an average load 2.62-5.21×10

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Airborne Detection and Quantification of Swine Influenza A Virus in Air Samples Collected Inside, Outside and Downwind from Swine Barns

Cited by 73 publications

References 35 publications

Design of an environmentally controlled rotating chamber for bioaerosol aging studies

Design of an environmentally controlled rotating chamber for bioaerosol aging studies

Children’s Caregivers and Public Playgrounds: Potential Reservoirs of Infection of Hand-foot-and-mouth Disease

A small-scale study on airborne transmission of H9N2 avian influenza virus under field conditions

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