Airborne concentrations of metals and total dust during solid catalyst loading and unloading operations at a petroleum refinery

Lewis, Robert; Gaffney, Shannon H.; Le, Matthew H.; Unice, Kenneth M.; Paustenbach, Dennis J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.10.006

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Although low levels of manganese are present in ambient air, levels are higher near industrial sites (EPA 2007). Heightened exposure to manganese from the Chevron oil refinery in nearby Richmond, CA (City of Richmond March 2014), is one possible explanation for the high urinary concentrations observed in the CYGNET sample, but a recent study concluded that airborne concentrations of metals generated by petroleum refineries, including manganese, are quite low (Lewis et al 2012) and a local air monitoring program did not detect manganese in the air in three neighborhoods surrounding the Chevron oil refinery in 2015 (Argos Scientific April 2015). This issue may warrant further investigation as earlier studies have documented high levels of air pollutants in the San Francisco Bay Area (Morello-Frosch et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood deprivation, race/ethnicity, and urinary metal concentrations among young girls in California

Gonzales¹,

Jones

Deardorff³

et al. 2016

Environment International

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood deprivation, race/ethnicity, and urinary metal concentrations among young girls in California

Gonzales¹,

Jones

Deardorff³

et al. 2016

Environment International

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“…Lewis et al (2011) compiled workplace area (> 120 min) and breathing zone (> 30–543 min) measurements of Al 2 O 3 and Al 2 S 3 in dust generated during handling of a powdered catalyst (zeolite with trace elements) used in crude oil fractionation. No efforts were expended to determine particle size distributions, but the literature sources suggested the mean diameter was 70–80 mm.…”

Section: Environmental and Occupational Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of potential health risks posed by pharmaceutical, occupational and consumer exposures to metallic and nanoscale aluminum, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide and its soluble salts

Willhite¹,

Karyakina²,

Yokel³

et al. 2014

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

329

201

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Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous substance encountered both naturally (as the third most abundant element) and intentionally (used in water, foods, pharmaceuticals, and vaccines); it is also present in ambient and occupational airborne particulates. Existing data underscore the importance of Al physical and chemical forms in relation to its uptake, accumulation, and systemic bioavailability.Address for correspondence: Calvin C. Willhite, Risk Sciences International, 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 700, Ottawa, ON, Canada. calvinwillhite@hotmail.com. Declaration of interestPartial funding for this work was provided by a contract to review the recent scientific literature on health effects of aluminum between the International Aluminium Institute (IAI, www.world-aluminium.org), the Aluminium Reach Consortium (ARC, www.aluminium-reach-consortium.eu), and Risk Sciences International (RSI, www.risksciences.com), a Canadian company established in 2006 in partnership with the University of Ottawa. Additional financial support was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to D. Krewski, who holds the NSERC Chair in Risk Science at the University of Ottawa. C.C. Willhite, N.A. Karyakina, F. Momoli, and N. Yenugadhati were compensated by RSI for their contributions to the review. I. Arnold, T. Wisniewski and R. Yokel received no compensation from RSI for their contributions to this work. The authors, whose affiliations are shown on the title page, had sole responsibility for preparation of this paper, including determining the strategy for reviewing the scientific literature summarized in this article, synthesizing the findings, and drawing conclusions. Scientists associated with IAI/ARC were given the opportunity to review and offer technical comments on the paper, prior to submission to Critical Reviews in Toxicology. I. Arnold serves as a consultant to the International Aluminium Institute. None of the authors have appeared before regulatory agencies on behalf of the sponsors, or appeared as experts in legal proceedings concerning matters reviewed in this paper. The scientific opinions and conclusions expressed in the paper are exclusively those of the authors, and are independent of the sources of financial support. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptThe present review represents a systematic examination of the peer-reviewed literature on the adverse health effects of Al materials published since a previous critical evaluation compiled by Krewski et al. (2007). The scientific literature on the adverse health effects of Al is extensive. Health risk assessments for Al must take into account individual co-factors (e.g., age, renal function, diet, gastric pH). Conclusions from the current review point to the need for refinement of the PTWI, reduction of Al contamination in PN solutions, justification for routine addition of Al to vaccines, and harmonization of OELs for Al substances.

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“…Contamination of soils with Co 2+ is mainly caused by mining and smelting activity, fertilizer use, and sewage sludge spreading (Hamilton 2000 ). The production of liquid catalysts used in refineries is a source of environmental pollution with both Co 2+ and Mo 5+ (Lewis et al 2012 ). In soil, this metal is closely correlated with Mn, Fe, and Al (Sterckeman et al 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological activity of soil contaminated with cobalt, tin, and molybdenum

Zaborowska

Kucharski

Wyszkowska

2016

Environ Monit Assess

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In this age of intensive industrialization and urbanization, mankind’s highest concern should be to analyze the effect of all metals accumulating in the environment, both those considered toxic and trace elements. With this aim in mind, a unique study was conducted to determine the potentially negative impact of Sn2+, Co2+, and Mo5+ in optimal and increased doses on soil biological properties. These metals were applied in the form of aqueous solutions of Sn2+ (SnCl2.2H2O), Co2+ (CoCl2 · 6H2O), and Mo5+ (MoCl5), each in the doses of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg−1 soil DM. The activity of dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and catalase and the counts of twelve microorganism groups were determined on the 25th and 50th day of experiment duration. Moreover, to present the studied problem comprehensively, changes in the biochemical activity and yield of spring barley were shown using soil and plant resistance indices—RS. The study shows that Sn2+, Co2+, and Mo5+ disturb the state of soil homeostasis. Co2+ and Mo5+ proved the greatest soil biological activity inhibitors. The residence of these metals in soil, particularly Co2+, also generated a drastic decrease in the value of spring barley resistance. Only Sn2+ did not disrupt its yielding. The studied enzymes can be arranged as follows for their sensitivity to Sn2+, Co2+, Mo5+: Deh > Ure > Aryl > Pal > Pac > Cat. Dehydrogenases and urease may be reliable soil health indicators.

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Airborne concentrations of metals and total dust during solid catalyst loading and unloading operations at a petroleum refinery

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Neighborhood deprivation, race/ethnicity, and urinary metal concentrations among young girls in California

Neighborhood deprivation, race/ethnicity, and urinary metal concentrations among young girls in California

Systematic review of potential health risks posed by pharmaceutical, occupational and consumer exposures to metallic and nanoscale aluminum, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide and its soluble salts

Biological activity of soil contaminated with cobalt, tin, and molybdenum

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