Airbag-Induced Eye Injuries

Duma, Stefan M.; Kress, Tyler A.; Porta, Davide; Woods, Charles D.; Snider, John N.; Fuller, Peter M.; Simmons, Rodney J.

doi:10.1097/00005373-199607000-00018

Cited by 117 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…There was an eye injury related with airbag deployment in our patient who was a car driver. Duma et al (1996) divide airbag-induced eye injuries into two categories, mechanical injury and alkaline chemical injury. There is another description as a penetrating injury (Vichnin et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Airbags have gained wide acceptance in today's society following congressional mandates requiring airbag installation in all passenger vehicles, vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles (Duma et al, 1996). Although airbags have been shown to decrease the incidence of severe morbidity and mortality related to motor vehicle crashes, the current literature demonstrates that they can cause serious eye injuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ocular injury related with airbag deployment: A case report

Çalışkan¹,

Akdemir²,

Duran³

et al. 2014

jecm

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular injury related with airbag deployment: A case report

Çalışkan¹,

Akdemir²,

Duran³

et al. 2014

jecm

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“…However, these injuries still occur among airbag protected occupants. These associated injuries include upper extremity fractures, eye injuries, erythema, skin abrasions, and skin burns (2)(3)(4)(5). The most common form of injury is abrasion (63.6%) (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airbag-Related Burns

Sever¹,

Külahçi²,

Öksüz³

et al. 2013

JAEM

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Case 1A 21-year-old girl was involved in a moderate speed, frontal impact road traffic accident. At that time, thair bag was expanded by the impact of the crash and pressed against her face. She immediately consulted the emergency unit in our hospital. She had sustained a chemical burn on her right cheek and neck where the bag had touched her face, but there was no sign of friction found on her face ( Figure 1). The burn area margin was well circumscribed and a blister had formed across the wound surface. Treatment was performed conservatively. The burn areas epithelialized with no scar or pigmentation within 24 days ( Figure 2). AbstractAirbags have been shown to be a vital, supplemental restraining device that saves lives and reduces morbidity associated with motor vehicle crashes. Their usage is increasing with multiple airbags (driver, passenger and side curtain). Air bag deployment is not risk free. Airbags may cause severe injuries and burns. However, there have been few reports about airbag-related burns in the literature. Therefore, it is important that staff working in emergency departments need to be aware of the risk and incidence of airbag-related burns. The circumstances of airbag-related burns and preventive measures are discussed in this article. (JAEM 2013; 12: 225-8) ÖzetHava yastıkları, motorlu araç kazalarında hayat kurtarmakta ve morbiditeyi azaltmaktadır. Motorlu araçlarda hem sürücüleri, hem de yolcuları koruyan çeşitli hava yastıkları mevcuttur. Ancak hava yastıkları şiddetli travmalara ve yanıklara da sebep olabilmektedir. Literatürlerde bu tip travmaların rapor edildiği sadece birkaç yayın mevcuttur. Bundan dolayı acil serviste görevli olan sağlık personelinin hava yastıklarına bağlı olarak gelişebilecek çeşitli travmaların ve yanıkların bilincinde olmaları gerekmektedir. Bu makalede hava yastığına bağlı gelişen travmalar ve bu travmaları engellemek için alınması gereken tedbirler tartışılmıştır. (JAEM 2013; 12: 225-8)

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“…Vichnin et al (1995) presented summaries of 14 cases, where hyphemas, which is defined as blood pooling in the anterior chamber, and corneal abrasions were the most common injuries. Contusions, abrasions, lacerations, and retinal detachments were the primary injury types found in 25 cases summarized by Duma et al (1996). Manche et al (1997) reviewed five cases, and found hyphemas in all cases, as well as contusions, ruptured globes, and retinal detachments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Injuries from Airbags with Seamless Module Covers

Duma

Crandall²

2000

The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care

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Air bag deployment through a seamless module cover may release foam particles at high velocities that could result in eye injuries. This paper presents the results of twenty-one (n = 21) tests in which foam particles, similar to those observed from air bag deployments, were impacted onto porcine eyes. A pneumatic cannon was designed to propel the foam disks at speeds representative of actual foam particle velocities as observed in prototype air bag deployments. Five foam types, which varied in density and stiffness, were used. All tests were recorded with high speed video (1000 fps). The mass of the impacting particles varied from 0.155 g to 0.653 g with velocities from 18 m/s to 87.6 m/s. Injury analysis was performed using three techniques: fluorescein dye to reveal corneal abrasions, ophthalmic ultrasound to determine lens displacements and retinal detachments, and necropsy to examine tissue damage. As seen in case reports of air bag induced eye injuries, corneal abrasions were the most recorded injuries in the porcine eye impact tests. A logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the combination of mass and velocity in the form of kinetic energy was the most significant contributor to injury (p = 0.0023). An injury risk curve was generated based on kinetic energy which gave a 50% risk of corneal abrasion at 0.183 J. Over the range of materials used, the foam type was a poor contributor to the model (p = 0.45). The injury risk function presented for the kinetic energy of the particles offers a design guide to minimize corneal abrasions, if the production of foam particles during air bag deployment is unavoidable. Air bag designs have traditionally had the air bag deploy through a door that contains a seam to separate it from the dashboard ( Figure 1a). A recent trend has emerged in which the door is removed and the air bag is placed behind a seamless panel (Figure 1b). While this trend currently focuses on passenger side air bag systems, the seamless design may be applied to driver side modules as well. In automobiles with the seamless design, the air bag tears through a scored section of the dashboard. During the air bag deployment process, it is possible for foam particles from the dashboard to be released at high velocities. The particles may vary in size and velocity depending on the type of foam used in the dashboard, design of the air bag, and the ambient temperature. With the introduction of seamless module covers, an additional risk of ocular injury is presented by the foam particles that does not require direct contact with the air bag. The goal of this study is to minimize the risk of ocular injury from the foam particles by establishing an injury criteria for use in developing seamless air bag covers.

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Airbag-Induced Eye Injuries

Cited by 117 publications

References 25 publications

Ocular injury related with airbag deployment: A case report

Ocular injury related with airbag deployment: A case report

Airbag-Related Burns

Eye Injuries from Airbags with Seamless Module Covers

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