Air versus skin temperature servocontrol of infant incubators

Bell, Edward F.; Rios, Gladys R.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(83)80729-x

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Incubator use for preterm infants has a long history. [5][6][7][8] Several studies have shown the effectiveness of incubator weaning at weights as low as 1500 g. [9][10][11] Glass et al's 12 article in 1968 may have set an earlier precedent for incubator weaning. A heterogeneous patient population in this small study showed increased growth at warmer incubator temperatures compared with a cooler environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incubator weaning in preterm infants and associated practice variation

Schneiderman¹,

Kirkby²,

Turenne³

et al. 2009

J Perinatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To evaluate the relationship of weight of preterm infants when first placed into an open crib with days to full oral feedings, growth velocity and length of stay (LOS), and to identify unwarranted variation in incubator weaning after adjusting for severity indices. Result: In all 2908 infants met the inclusion criteria for the study. Their mean weight at open crib was 1850 g. On average every additional 100 g an infant weighed at the open crib was associated with increased time to full PO feeding by 0.8 days, decreased weight gained per day by 1 gram and increased LOS by 0.9 days. For the top 10 volume hospitals, severity variables alone accounted for 9% of the variation in weight at open crib, whereas the hospital in which the baby was treated accounted for an additional 19% of the variation. Conclusion:Even after controlling for severity, significant practice variation exists in weaning to an open crib, leading to potential delays in achieving full-volume oral feeds, decreased growth velocity and prolonged LOS.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incubator weaning in preterm infants and associated practice variation

Schneiderman¹,

Kirkby²,

Turenne³

et al. 2009

J Perinatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thermal differences with the human infant relate primarily to the nature and magnitude of heat production. Piglets have a basal oxygen consumption of 15-20 versus 5-8 ml/kg/min in newborn infants (23,25). Moreover, piglets lack brown adipose tissue, relying on shivering thermogenesis when in a cold environment (3,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemia Blunts the Thermogenic Response to Environmental Cold Stress in Newborn Piglets

Mayfield

Shaul

et al. 1987

Pediatr Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. We tested the hypothesis that isovolemic anemia blunts the thermogenic response to environmental cold stress in 3 to 4-day-old newborn piglets. Eight animals were studied in both thermoneutral(31.6-32.8" C) and cold (19.6-20.2' C) environments, before and after an isovolemic, partial volume exchange transfusion which reduced the hematocrit from 26 to 15 %. In the nonanemic phase of study, deep rectal temperatures declined but had plateaued by 30 minutes after onset of cold stress and remained within normal limits for newborn piglets. In the anemic phase of study, deep rectal temperature declined continuously throughout cold stress with true body core hypothermia (<3S0 C) observed at all measurement points beyond 15 min of cold stress. Baseline oxygen consumption did not differ between the two study phases (17.6 f 1.8 versus 16.7 f 2.1 ml/kg-'/min-', mean f SEM). However, during environmental cold stress, oxygen consumption increased by 64% over baseline in the nonanemic phase of study ( p < 0.05) whereas 21% increase over baseline was observed in the anemic phase ( p NS). We conclude that isovolemic anemia limited oxygen consumption and heat production during environmental cold stress, resulting in body core hypothermia. (Pediatr Res 21: 482-486,1987

show abstract

“…"NTE" was defined as body temperature consistent with minimal oxygen consumption, and operationalized as infant skin temperatures between 36.4 and 37.2°C, which is consistent with previous reports. 12,20 Infant skin temperatures, recorded every minute over a 24-hour period, were categorized as under, over, or within the NTE. The percentage of time each infant temperature was within the NTE was significantly greater for skin (mean 53.18 Ϯ 20.76) than for air servo-controlled incubators (22.62 Ϯ 18.16) (analysis of covariance, df ϭ 1.29, p ϭ 0.001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, settings for the three modes of operation were determined by measuring the oxygen consumption and identifying the environmental or skin temperature that minimized oxygen consumption. 12 The authors concluded that air and skin servo-control were equally effective when incubator wall temperature was stable and all three modes were effective when control settings were carefully chosen. In practice, incubator wall temperature is typically not stable and estimates of control settings are imprecise.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preterm Infant Thermal Care: Differing Thermal Environments Produced by Air Versus Skin Servo-Control Incubators

Thomas

Burr

1999

J Perinatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE:Incubator thermal environments produced by skin versus air servo-control were compared. STUDY DESIGN:Infant abdominal skin and incubator air temperatures were recorded from 18 infants in skin servo-control and 14 infants in air servo-control (26-to 29-week gestational age, 14 Ϯ 2 days postnatal age) for 24 hours. Differences in incubator and infant temperature, neutral thermal environment (NTE) maintenance, and infant and incubator circadian rhythm were examined using analysis of variance and scatterplots. RESULTS:Skin servo-control resulted in more variable air temperature, yet more stable infant temperature, and more time within the NTE. Circadian rhythm of both infant and incubator temperature differed by control mode and the relationship between incubator and infant temperature rhythms was a function of control mode. CONCLUSION:The differences between incubator control modes extend beyond temperature stability and maintenance of NTE. Circadian rhythm of incubator and infant temperatures is influenced by incubator control.Maintenance of body temperature is a primary challenge facing the preterm infant. Preterm infants are vulnerable to both overand under-heating resulting from limited heat production capacity, propensity for heat loss related to body configuration, skin maturation, and immature sudomotor responses. Incubators, the mainstay in providing thermal care for these fragile infants, operate in two modes: air and skin servo-control. 1,2 The choice of air versus skin servo-control is typically based on infant clinical parameters such as birth weight, gestational age, and health status, and unit protocol, individual care provider preference and experience, equipment availability, marketing, purchasing decisions, and trends in neonatal care.The research examining incubator control mode has focused essentially on the description of environmental temperature stability, efficacy in maintaining a neutral thermal environment (NTE), and minimizing oxygen consumption. In general, skin servo-control incubators produce incubator air temperatures that are extremely variable, often exhibiting a lag effect in response to infant temperature change and overshoot and undershoot. Excursions in incubator temperature greater than 2°C have been reported during skin servocontrol operation. 3,4 Variability in air temperature is also related, in part, to the discrepancy between air temperature, measured at the site of the thermostat, and the incubator temperature as a whole; specifically, air temperature recorded mid-incubator differs from temperature measured at the thermostat. 4 The variable air temperatures observed in skin servo-control incubators result in part from probe artifacts. 4 -7 The two types of artifact in skin temperature measurement are: (1) probe insulation, resulting in probe temperature falsely greater than skin surface temperature and consequently lower incubator (or radiant warmer) temperature, and (2) convective and radiant heating or cooling of the skin probe by the surrounding environment. ...

show abstract

Air versus skin temperature servocontrol of infant incubators

Cited by 36 publications

References 10 publications

Incubator weaning in preterm infants and associated practice variation

Incubator weaning in preterm infants and associated practice variation

Anemia Blunts the Thermogenic Response to Environmental Cold Stress in Newborn Piglets

Preterm Infant Thermal Care: Differing Thermal Environments Produced by Air Versus Skin Servo-Control Incubators

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About