“…Sage and Cuppan, Crossley, and DeLaurentis have also stated operational independence as one of SoS characteristics [74,88,106]. 12.4.2.9 Managerial Independence Constituent systems of an SoS operate independently and "are separately acquired and integrated but maintain a continuing operational existence independent of the SoS, i.e., they are managed partly for their own purposes" [85].…”