Air traffic modernization and control: ADS-B system implementation update 2022: A review

Kožović, Dejan; Đurđević, Dragan; Dinulović, Mirko; Milić, Saša; Rašuo, Boško

doi:10.5937/fme2301117k

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…According to result of the study ML/DL models have several advantages and disadvantages. Pointing out these points are important for future studies and research [46], [47]. Advantages of using ML/DL models as a security solution for ADS-B system are given below:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SoK of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Based Anomaly Detection Methods for Automatic Dependent Surveillance- Broadcast

Çevik,

Akleylek

2024

IEEE Access

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This paper focuses on the vulnerabilities of ADS-B, one of the avionics systems, and the countermeasures taken against these vulnerabilities proposed in the literature. Anomaly detection methods based on machine learning and deep learning algorithms among proposed countermeasures against vulnerabilities of ADS-B are analyzed in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of using an anomaly detection system on ADS-B data are investigated. Thanks to advances in machine learning and deep learning in the last decade, it has become more appropriate to use anomaly detection systems to detect anomalies in ADS-B systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey focused on studies that use machine learning and deep learning algorithms for ADS-B security. In this context; this paper addresses research on this topic from different perspectives, and draws a road map for future research, and searches for five research questions related to machine learning and deep learning algorithms used on anomaly detection systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SoK of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Based Anomaly Detection Methods for Automatic Dependent Surveillance- Broadcast

Çevik,

Akleylek

2024

IEEE Access

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“…Compared to the technologies used in traditional aviation, commercial mass market communication technologies evolve much faster: 3GPPP releases a new standard every 18 months, while, for instance, some of the newest digital communication systems in aviation, such as ADS-B and Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC), follow standards that have been frozen for years [62]. To create a sustainable system design for the C3 link, it has to support diverse technologies and identify the key functions needed to guide the software development to bridge between the on-board system and the firmware of the communication modules for each communication technology.…”

Section: Architecture and Functionalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Technologies for the Navigation and Communication of UAS Operating in the Context of BVLOS

Politi,

Purucker,

Larsen

et al. 2024

Electronics

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Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have rapidly gained attraction in recent years as a promising solution to revolutionize numerous applications and meet the growing demand for efficient and timely delivery services due to their highly automated operation framework. Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) operations, in particular, offer new means of delivering added-value services via a wide range of applications. This "plateau of productivity" holds enormous promise, but it is challenging to equip the drone with affordable technologies which support the BVLOS use case. To close this gap, this work showcases the convergence of the automotive and aviation industries to advance BVLOS aviation for UAS in a practical setting by studying a combination of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) technologies and systems. A novel risk-based approach of investigating the key technological components, architectures, algorithms, and protocols is proposed that facilitate highly reliable and autonomous BVLOS operations, aiming to enhance the alignment between market and operational needs and to better identify integration requirements between the different capabilities to be developed.

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“…Air Traffic Control (ATC) and other airplanes receive this data, providing them with situational awareness. Currently, there are insufficient security measures to ensure the privacy, availability, and integrity of transmitting data between aircraft and air traffic controllers (Kožović et al, 2023) (Manesh and Kaabouch, 2017) (Strohmeier et al, 2013) (Wu et al, 2020). Consequently, an attacker may insert fake data or stop actual data from being correctly delivered because no authentication mechanisms are used at the data connection layer (Costin and Francillon, 2012) (Khandker et al, 2021) (Khandker et al, 2022a) (Mäurer et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Backward-compatible Software Upgrades for ADS-B and AIS To Support ECDSA-Secured Protocols

Saleem,

Turtiainen,

Costin

et al. 2024

eccws

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During the past few decades, the aviation, maritime, aerospace, and search-and-rescue domains have witnessed tremendous improvement thanks to technological, digitalization and Internet of Things (IoT) advances such as Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B) (e.g., Aviation IoT, Airports IoT) and Automatic Identification System (AIS) (e.g., Maritime IoT). All these are high-profile examples of new digital communication protocols combined with IoT devices that make efficient use of wide-area earth and space radio communications to provide real-time, truly globally interoperable, and optimised services required by these domains. However, the protocols and technologies mentioned above, both from an architectural and implementation point of view, exhibit fundamental cybersecurity weaknesses (both at protocol and IoT device level). These weaknesses make them an easy target for potential attackers. The two fundamental flaws of these protocols are the lack of digital signatures (i.e., integrity and authenticity) and the lack of encryption (i.e., confidentiality and privacy). The risks associated with these, and other weaknesses have been over the last decade repeatedly demonstrated with ease by ethical cybersecurity researchers. In this paper, we design, propose, and discuss a single generic PKI-enabled message integrity and authenticity scheme that works seamlessly for any of the ADS-B, and AIS, with the possibility of easy extension and integration into other protocols (e.g., ACARS). Our scheme can be added as backward-compatible software upgrades (e.g., third-party library) to existing systems without requiring expensive architectural redesign, upgrades, and retrofitting. Our present work is aimed to serve as a bootstrap to securing such insecure protocols without completely replacing or redesigning the systems. It also aims to provide a discussion background of advantages and limitations of such backward-compatible securing methods.

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Air traffic modernization and control: ADS-B system implementation update 2022: A review

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

SoK of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Based Anomaly Detection Methods for Automatic Dependent Surveillance- Broadcast

SoK of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Based Anomaly Detection Methods for Automatic Dependent Surveillance- Broadcast

Enabling Technologies for the Navigation and Communication of UAS Operating in the Context of BVLOS

Backward-compatible Software Upgrades for ADS-B and AIS To Support ECDSA-Secured Protocols

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