Air temperature drives the evolution of mid-infrared optical properties of butterfly wings

Krishna, Anirudh; Nie, Xiao; Briscoe, Adriana D.; Lee, Jae-Ho

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02810-1

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…This suggests that both hair density, as well as structural features of the hairs (S2 Fig), may contribute to the reflectance profile differences across male morphs and females. Microstructural features of insect hairs and scales are known to influence their reflective properties in both the NIR and mid-infrared [6,8,46]. The striations on the external surface of the hair (S2 Fig) are reminiscent of the hairs of the Saharan silver ant [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual reflectance of solar radiation confers a thermoregulatory benefit to dimorphic males bees (Centris pallida) using distinct microclimates

Barrett

O’Donnell

2022

Preprint

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Incoming solar radiation (wavelengths 290 – 2500 nm) significantly impacts an organism's thermal balance via radiative heat gain. Species adapted to different environments can differ in solar reflectance profiles. We hypothesized that conspecific individuals using thermally distinct microhabitats to engage in fitness-relevant behaviors would show intraspecific differences in reflectance: we predicted individuals that use hot microclimates (where radiative heat gain represents a greater thermoregulatory challenge) would be more reflective across the entire solar spectrum than those using cooler microclimates. Differences in near-infrared (NIR) reflectance (700 - 2500 nm) are strongly indicative of thermoregulatory adaptation as, unlike differences in visible reflectance (400 - 700 nm), they are not perceived by ecological or social partners. We tested these predictions in male Centris pallida (Hymenoptera: Apidae) bees from the Sonoran Desert. Male C. pallida use alternative reproductive tactics that are associated with distinct microclimates: Large-morph males, with paler visible coloration, behave in an extremely hot microclimate close to the ground, while small-morph males, with a dark brown dorsal coloration, frequently use cooler microclimates above the ground near vegetation. We found that large-morph males had increased reflectance of solar radiation (UV through NIR) resulting in lower solar absorption coefficients. This thermoregulatory adaptation was specific to the dorsal surface, and produced by differences in hair, not cuticle, characteristics. Our results showed that intraspecific variation in behavior, particular in relation to microclimate use, can generate unique thermal adaptations that changes the reflectance of shortwave radiation among individuals within the same population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual reflectance of solar radiation confers a thermoregulatory benefit to dimorphic males bees (Centris pallida) using distinct microclimates

Barrett

O’Donnell

2022

Preprint

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“…As the temperature of an object increases, the object emits more thermal flux. The thermal flux is defined as total energy radiated per unit surface in time, and it is referred to by various names, including black-body irradiance, energy flux density, radiant flux, or emissive power [26][27][28] . According to Stefan-Boltzmann law, thermal flux (I) is a function of temperature (T) and a proportional constant (μ).…”

Section: Background Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of infrared thermography for estimating residual stress in ground anchors for maintenance

Min

Jang

Yoon

2023

Sci Rep

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Characterizing the integrity of ground anchors is essential for examining their usability in the maintenance of soil structure. However, the lift-off test, which is generally used for this purpose, has limitations when applied to covering all installed ground anchors. The objective of this study is to assess the possibility of using infrared thermography to measure the residual stress in ground anchors as a noncontact technique that bypasses the disadvantages associated with existing techniques. A preliminary experiment is performed to determine the exact emissivity of the tested materials. Both passive and active methods, as representative techniques in infrared thermography, are applied. In the large-scale experiment, infrared images of four installed strands with growing stress in the range of 0–400 kPa at 100 kPa intervals are used in the passive method of measurement. For the active method, these same stress ranges are applied to a heated anchor head using a UTM machine. The results of the passive method show that the temperature increased and decreased according to load and unload steps. Values for the cooling rate index are deduced through the active method results, and reliable behavior are observed at 10 and 15 min. The number of pixels with huge temperature changes also changed with the loading step in both passive and active methods. This study demonstrates that infrared thermography is a suitable alternative method for assessing the residual stress in ground anchors as a type of noncontact technique.

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“…The thermal ux is de ned as total energy radiated per unit surface in time, and it is referred to by various names, including blackbody irradiance, energy ux density, radiant ux, or emissive power (Stipetic et al 2011;Holland and Reusser. 2016; Krishna et al 2021). According to Stefan-Boltzmann law, thermal ux (I) is a function of temperature (T) and a proportional constant (µ).…”

Section: Background Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Infrared Thermography for Estimating Residual Stress in Ground Anchors for Maintenance

Min

Jang

Yoon

2022

Preprint

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Characterizing the integrity of ground anchors is essential for examining their usability in the maintenance of soil structure. However, the lift-off test, which is generally used for this purpose, has limitations when applied to covering all installed ground anchors. The objective of this study is to assess the possibility of using infrared thermography to measure the residual stress in ground anchors as a noncontact technique that bypasses the disadvantages associated with existing techniques. A preliminary experiment is performed to determine the exact emissivity of the tested materials. Both passive and active methods, as representative techniques in infrared thermography, are applied. In the large-scale experiment, infrared images of four installed strands with growing stress in the range of 0-400 kPa at 100 kPa intervals are used in the passive method of measurement. For the active method, these same stress ranges are applied to a heated anchor head using a UTM machine. The results of the passive method show that the temperature increased and decreased according to load and unload steps. Values for the cooling rate index are deduced through the active method results, and reliable behavior are observed at 10 and 15 min. The number of pixels also changed with the loading step in both passive and active methods. This study demonstrates that infrared thermography is a suitable alternative method for assessing the residual stress in ground anchors as a type of noncontact technique.

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Air temperature drives the evolution of mid-infrared optical properties of butterfly wings

Cited by 8 publications

References 93 publications

Individual reflectance of solar radiation confers a thermoregulatory benefit to dimorphic males bees (Centris pallida) using distinct microclimates

Individual reflectance of solar radiation confers a thermoregulatory benefit to dimorphic males bees (Centris pallida) using distinct microclimates

Application of infrared thermography for estimating residual stress in ground anchors for maintenance

Application of Infrared Thermography for Estimating Residual Stress in Ground Anchors for Maintenance

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