Air-Stable Lithium Metal Anodes: A Perspective of Surface Engineering from Different Dimensions

Abstract

Figure 14. Preparing air-stable Li electrode based on 3D Li host. (a) Schematic illustration of the hierarchically structured rAGA-Li. Reproduced with permission from ref 143. Copyright 2020 Wiley-VCH. (b) Voltage−time profiles of symmetrical cells using the two airtreated samples at current densities of 1 mA cm −2 with stripping/plating capacity of 1 mAh cm −2 . Reproduced with permission from ref 143. Copyright 2020 Wiley-VCH. (c) Schematic illustration of fabrication of Li-KNiF 3 electrode. Reproduced with permission from ref 187. Copyright 2022 Elsevier. (d) Optical photographs of bare Li and Li-KNiF 3 after exposure to ambient air with ∼50% RH for various times. Reproduced with permission from ref 187.

Interfacial chemistry regulation using functional frameworks for stable metal batteries

“…31–34 Artificial framework constructions specifically focus on designing protective surface layers and bulk internal structures. 35–37 Notably, protective surface layers are closely related to cation desolvation and ionic diffusion, and bulk internal structures are associated with electron transport and metal nucleation. The designed functional frameworks can reduce the concentration polarization and nucleation barrier on anodes to suppress dendrite growth and improve metal plating/stripping.…”

Cationic Metal–Organic Framework Arrays to Enable Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anodes

“…Moreover, excessive growth of SEI and the accumulation of “dead Li” causes the attenuation of Coulombic efficiencies and quick capacity decay during cycling . Therefore, various strategies, including 3D current collector design, electrolyte engineering, and interface modification, have been applied for Li metal anodes to reduce the volume change and improve interface stability. − …”

Elastic Polymer Electrolytes Integrated with In Situ Polymerization-Transferred Electrodes toward Stretchable Batteries

“…In recent years, there has been growing interest and demand for flexible/stretchable electronics, such as wearable devices, flexible displays, bendable smart cards, and on-skin sensors. − For these devices, the power units are essential for their proper operation. − With the advantages of high energy density, long cycle time, safety, and maturity, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered as promising potential power sources for flexible/stretchable electronics. − In order to provide a better user experience for flexible/stretchable electronic devices, it is highly desired that the energy storage devices also have the corresponding mechanical flexibility, especially stretchability . Obviously, LIBs prepared based on current rigid electrodes, encapsulation materials, and liquid electrolytes cannot meet the above requirements.…”