Air-segmented flow injection: a hybrid technique for automated, low dispersion determinations

Hsieh, Yunsheng; Crouch, S. R.

doi:10.1016/0003-2670(94)00515-n

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In FI, the larger washout time for 50-μL than 100-μL injections stems from the inverse relationship between dispersion and injected sample volume. 18,21,34 Hence, with the 50-μL loop, nearly 5 injections can be made with MSFA during a single injection with FI. This thus translates into a 5-fold increase in sample throughput.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table shows that the peak width at 10% peak height and corresponding washout time (i.e., time taken by the signal to return to baseline from the maximum) with FI are systematically larger than those with MSFA, especially with 50-μL injections, as is also evident in Figure . In FI, the larger washout time for 50-μL than 100-μL injections stems from the inverse relationship between dispersion and injected sample volume. ,, Hence, with the 50-μL loop, nearly 5 injections can be made with MSFA during a single injection with FI. This thus translates into a 5-fold increase in sample throughput.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The air surrounding the sample plug essentially eliminated the longitudinal dispersion of the sample along the flow path. 21 The same approach has been used for decades in air-segmented flow analysis. 22 Air-segmented FI was used to overcome the element-specific time-dependent dispersion that is observed with conventional FI, which in turn enabled the detection of mass-dependent matrix effects in ICPMS and their correction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To get the best of both worlds, FI into air bubbles of an air-segmented water carrier, − , by switching between air and water carriers or by injecting water and sample plugs into an air carrier, was performed to reduce dispersion while preserving the washing effect of water. The air surrounding the sample plug essentially eliminated the longitudinal dispersion of the sample along the flow path . The same approach has been used for decades in air-segmented flow analysis .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Enhancement of the Capabilities of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Using Monosegmented Flow Analysis

2018

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Flow injection (FI) in combination with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) is advantageous for the analysis of volume-limited samples and is invaluable for the analysis of corrosive samples that would prematurely degrade ICPMS components. However, the dispersion process with 50-μL injections in FI degrades ICPMS sensitivity. Monosegmented flow analysis (MSFA), where the sample plug is in the middle of 1 mL of air, eliminates dispersion while preserving the rinsing effect of the carrier. More reproducible as well as sharper, narrower, and more symmetrical peaks result with MSFA than FI, leading to a 2-fold improvement in detection limit and a 5-fold increase in sample throughput versus FI. Furthermore, by facilitating the formation of small droplets during nebulization, the air surrounding the sample even enhances sensitivity by 20–40%, depending on the element, compared to that obtained with direct sample aspiration. Coupling MSFA to ICPMS, which does not degrade analytical performance, is advantageous for the determination of Pt in 0.50 M H2SO4 electrolyte from a simulated fuel cell. It also enables the multielement analysis of a 150-μL buffer sample containing as little as 60 μg of plant protein, thus further extending the range of applications of ICPMS.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Enhancement of the Capabilities of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Using Monosegmented Flow Analysis

2018

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“…In the present study, we introduced air-segmentation strategy, which had been originated by Skeggs,4 to AMMFA in order to limit the dispersion within each liquid segment separated by air-bubbles. Such effect of air-bubbles had been utilized in monosegmented continuous flow analysis 5 and analogous methods, 6,7 as reviewed by Zhi. 8 The proposed approach was applied to the determinations of a food dye, phosphate ions and nitrite ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air-Segmented Amplitude-Modulated Multiplexed Flow Analysis

et al. 2011

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Use of microbubbles in capillary electrophoresis for sample segregation when focusing microbial samples

et al. 2002

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A dedicated capillary electrophoresis set‐up was designed to observe microorganism behavior under an applied electric field. A 10‐cm window was made by removing the polyimide coating of a 58‐cm regular capillary (100 μm ID). The 40‐cm hydrodynamic movement of a sample to the observation window completely dispersed the sample, making it very dilute and rendering further experiments impractical. It is known that air bubbles can suppress dispersion in a liquid moving with a parabolic flow profile. Dispersion in a flowing stream is briefly reviewed. A special injection procedure, introducing a microbubbles on each side of the sample band, is described. The bubbles should be small enough not to perturb significantly the electric current. The microbubbles can prevent dispersion of both chemical and colloidal components of an injection plug. The use of microbubbles did not prevent the focusing of bacterial analytes or their analysis. In some cases, they accentuated the phenomenon and allowed injection of larger samples. Examples of these results are given. The use of microbubbles could be useful in microfluidic devices to suppress dispersion when sample displacement is required, to carry out multiple analyses in a single capillary or channel, and to separate sample/reagent and/or sample/sample zones.

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Air-segmented flow injection: a hybrid technique for automated, low dispersion determinations

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Enhancement of the Capabilities of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Using Monosegmented Flow Analysis

Enhancement of the Capabilities of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Using Monosegmented Flow Analysis

Air-Segmented Amplitude-Modulated Multiplexed Flow Analysis

Use of microbubbles in capillary electrophoresis for sample segregation when focusing microbial samples

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