Air-sea heat flux control on the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass intensity and implications for its prediction

Zhu, Junying; Shi, Jie; Guo, Xinyu; Gao, Huiwang; Yao, Xiaohong

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2017.10.006

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Moreover, remotely sensed estimations can provide more comprehensive information at a larger scale. Spatial distributions of phytoplankton biomass and size structure in the 36°N transect ( Figure 10) coincided with the two cold cores of YSCWM located at the eastern and western part of SYS (Yu et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2008;Zhu et al, 2018), which was not observed through previous in situ investigations.…”

Section: Central Yellow Seasupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Under the influence of topography and seasonal variations in the East Asian monsoon and associated hydrodynamics, a noticeably large area of cold water mass, bordered by a 10 °C isotherm in the trough is found in the bottom water during the summer half year, which is called the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM). For decades, numerous studies have focused on the formation mechanisms and physical dynamics of the YSCWM (Feng et al, ; He et al, ; Oh et al, ; Park et al, ; Yu et al, ; Zhang et al, ; Zhu et al, ), and have highlighted vertical variations in nutrients and oxygen (Wang et al, ; Wei, Yu, et al, ; Xin et al, ) and consequently in biological communities over the water column (Bai et al, ; Fu et al, ; Liu et al, , ). The impact that the YSCWM has on PSCs has been mostly studied through in situ data collection and analysis (Fu et al, , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Twenty‐Year Variations in Satellite‐Derived Chlorophyll‐a and Phytoplankton Size in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea

et al. 2019

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Phytoplankton cell size is a useful ecological indicator for evaluating the response of phytoplankton community structure to environmental changes. Ocean-color remote observations and algorithms have allowed us to estimate phytoplankton size classes (PSCs) at decadal scale, helping us to understand their trends under ocean warming. Here a large data set of pigments, derived through high performance liquid chromatography, was collected in the Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS) between 2014 and 2016. The data set was used to reparametrize the sea surface temperature (SST)-dependent threecomponent model of Brewin et al. (2017) to the region. The model was validated using independent in situ data set and subsequently applied to satellite chlorophyll-a data from Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative, spanning from 1997 to 2016, to derive percentages of three PSCs to total chlorophyll-a. Monthlyaveraged PSCs exhibited spatial-temporal variations in the study area, linked to topography, temperature, solar radiation, currents, and monsoonal winds. In the surface central south Yellow Sea (SYS), influenced by bottom Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass, tight relationships between PSCs and environmental factors were observed, where high SST, high sea level anomaly, low mixed-layer depth, and low wind speed resulted in higher proportions of nanoplankton and picoplankton from June to October. Significant interannual anomlies in PSCs were found associated with El Niño events in the central SYS, related to anomalies in SST. The refined model characterized 20-year variations in chlorophyll-a concentration and PSCs in complicated optical, hydrodynamic, and biogeochemical environments in the BS and YS.Plain Language Summary Phytoplankton are the fundamental component of the marine ecosystem, and the size structure of phytoplankton influences many processes in phytoplankton biology, marine ecology, and marine biogeochemistry. Phytoplankton can be divided into three phytoplankton size classes (PSCs): microplankton (>20 μm), nanoplankton (2-20 μm), and picoplankton (<2 μm). The Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS) are shallow marginal seas in the northwest Pacific Ocean, strongly impacted by large river plumes, ocean processes, and seasonal monsoons, supporting high primary and fishery productivity. Using a 20-year time series satellite ocean color data from 1997 to 2016, and a SSTdependent model that links chlorophyll-a concentration to the size structure of phytoplankton, we observe spatial and temporal variations of PSCs in the BS and YS and tight correlations between the size structure and physical variables in the central south Yellow Sea. Interannual variations in the PSCs are coupled with changes of sea surface temperature in El Niño events. Our results demonstrate that variations in the phytoplankton size structure are coupled with changes in climate variability, with implications for how the regional ecosystem may change with predicted changes in climate.

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Section: Central Yellow Seasupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty‐Year Variations in Satellite‐Derived Chlorophyll‐a and Phytoplankton Size in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea

et al. 2019

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“…It forms locally during the previous winter due to surface cooling and strong vertical mixing (Park et al, ; Zhang et al, ). After cooling process during the whole winter, the temperature of this cold water in later spring is even lower than that in early winter (Zhu et al, ). The distributions of hydrographical parameters in both late spring and winter cruises were very consistent with the corresponding seasonal patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel, Repeated Surveys Reveal New Insights on Sediment Flux Through a Narrow Strait, Bohai, China

Wang

et al. 2019

JGR Oceans

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Straits are both a choke point and passage through which material and energy are exchanged between two adjoining water bodies. Understanding the mechanisms that drive these exchanges therefore is vital to quantifying the water and sediment budgets in regional and global oceans. Here we present a study in which a novel, phase‐averaging method was employed to better estimate the net‐suspended sediment fluxes through the entire Bohai Strait, the only passage for the massive Yellow River‐delivered sediment to leave the enclosed Bohai Sea for the open Yellow Sea. In winter, the transport through the strait was nearly barotropic in waters well mixed by the energetic winter monsoons. The transport became primarily baroclinic (opposite directions between upper and lower layers) in spring due to stratification, especially in the southern part of the strait. Intermittent but frequent southerly winds in northerly dominated winters were responsible for a net westward sediment transport into the Bohai Sea, a finding contrary to a status quo view. Hence, previous studies in which these intermittent southerly wind busts were not included are believed to have overestimated the sediments export from the Bohai Sea.

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“…The meridional distributions of bottom layer temperature were consistent with in situ observations collected in previous years (Yang & Gao, 2019; Zhang, Gao, et al., 2018) and are important for describing interannual variations in summer stratification in the study area, as discussed below. The southward extension of the cold tongue in the bottom layer may have been forced by the Yellow Sea Cold Water that occupied the bottom layer of the central Yellow Sea in summer (Bao et al., 2010; Weng et al., 1989; Zhu et al., 2018). On the other hand, the water with low salinity was confined within the surface layer due to strong thermal stratification and formed haloclines.…”

Section: Physical Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Controls of Summer Variations in Bottom Layer Oxygen Concentrations in the Coastal Hypoxic Region off the Northeastern Shandong Peninsula in the Yellow Sea

Zhai

Liu

et al. 2021

JGR Oceans

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The Shandong Peninsula is located in northern China and is bordered by the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea (Figure 1a). The coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula are forced by the East Asian monsoon system (Huang et al., 2012), land runoff and coastal currents, namely, the Bohai Coastal Current, the Lubei Coastal Current, and the Yellow Sea Coastal Current, which flow clockwise around the peninsula. In China, the coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula are intensively maricultured areas (Figure 1b; Ren et al., 2019;

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Air-sea heat flux control on the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass intensity and implications for its prediction

Cited by 38 publications

References 37 publications

Twenty‐Year Variations in Satellite‐Derived Chlorophyll‐a and Phytoplankton Size in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea

Twenty‐Year Variations in Satellite‐Derived Chlorophyll‐a and Phytoplankton Size in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea

Novel, Repeated Surveys Reveal New Insights on Sediment Flux Through a Narrow Strait, Bohai, China

Physical Controls of Summer Variations in Bottom Layer Oxygen Concentrations in the Coastal Hypoxic Region off the Northeastern Shandong Peninsula in the Yellow Sea

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