Air–sea fluxes of oxygenated volatile organic compounds across the Atlantic Ocean

Yang, Mingxi; Beale, Rachael; Liss, P. S.; Johnson, Martin; Blomquist, B.

doi:10.5194/acpd-14-8015-2014

Cited by 17 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Our L4 surface data in October 2011 are, however, in agreement with measurements made at similar latitudes to L4, but in the North Atlantic, during October 2009 (Beale et al, 2013) and October 2012 (Yang et al, 2014). Acetone values similar to ours (Table 1) have also been reported in bulk seawater taken close to the Bahamas (Zhou and Mopper, 1997), perhaps indicative of lower acetone values in coastal and other high productivity regions.…”

Section: Surface Ovoc Data At L4supporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, we observed no significant relationship throughout this L4 time series between methanol and chlorophyll a. Our observation of reduced methanol concentrations in 2012 compared to 2011 indicates there may be significant interannual variability in levels of this volatile, an observation supported by the difference in methanol concentrations reported from similar transects of the Atlantic Ocean in 2009 (Beale et al, 2013) and 2012 Yang et al (2013bYang et al ( , 2014 (Table 1).…”

Section: Surface Ovoc Data At L4supporting

confidence: 67%

“…Further there are no data published on OVOC concentrations in shelf seas, areas known to be high in biological productivity. Datasets with dissolved OVOC concentrations are currently limited to single field expeditions in regions of the Atlantic Ocean (Williams et al, 2004;Beale et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2014), the Pacific Ocean (Marandino et al, 2005;Kameyama et al, 2010) and the Bahamas (Zhou and Mopper, 1997). Methanol is the most abundant of these three reactive gases with concentrations as high as 361 nM reported in the northern oligotrophic Atlantic gyre (Beale et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Annual study of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in UK shelf waters

2015

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a b s t r a c tWe performed an annual study of oxygenated volatile organic compound (OVOC) seawater concentrations at a site off Plymouth, UK in the Western English Channel over the period of February 2011-March 2012. Acetone concentrations ranged from 2-10 nM (nanomole/L) in surface waters with a maximum observed in summer. Concentrations correlated positively with net shortwave radiation and UV light, suggestive of photochemically linked acetone production. We observed a clear decline in acetone concentrations below the mixed layer. Acetaldehyde varied between 4-37 nM in surface waters with higher values observed in autumn and winter. Surface concentrations of methanol ranged from 16-78 nM, but no clear annual cycle was observed. Methanol concentrations exhibited considerable inter-annual variability. We estimate consistent deposition to the sea surface for acetone and methanol but that the direction of the acetaldehyde flux varies during the year.

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Section: Surface Ovoc Data At L4supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Surface Ovoc Data At L4supporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Annual study of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in UK shelf waters

2015

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“…To test the PCR primer sets as an assay for xoxF diversity in environmental habitats, water samples were collected in four coastal marine environments around the UK, including the Western Channel Observatory Station L4 (L4; salinity ∼35 g kg −1 , surface sample, water column depth ∼50 m); Stiffkey Salt Marsh (SM; salinity ∼30 g kg −1 , sample taken from the aqueous layer above sediment, high turbidity due to sediment resuspension); Cromer Beach (CB; surface sample, water column only a few meters deep) and offshore of Lowestoft (LO; bottom of a water column only a few meters deep). It has previously been shown that methanol concentrations in surface seawater at L4 ranged between 16–78 nM (Beale et al ., ) and across the Atlantic ocean between 15 nM and 361 nM (Beale et al ., ; Yang et al ., ). Algal growth and decay, atmospheric influx, precipitation and methane oxidation (most likely in sample SM) have been suggested as potential sources of methanol, but their contribution to the overall methanol budget still has to be elucidated (Felix et al ., ; Beale et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

XoxF encoding an alternative methanol dehydrogenase is widespread in coastal marine environments

Taubert

Grob

Howat

et al. 2015

Environmental Microbiology

102

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). (2015) XoxFencoding an alternative methanol dehydrogenase is widespread in coastal marine environments. Environmental Microbiology, 17 (10). pp. 3937-3948. Permanent WRAP URL:http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/67990 Copyright and reuse:The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work by researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Publisher's statement:"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12896 This article may be used for noncommercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving." A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Abstract 22The xoxF gene, encoding a pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent methanol dehydrogenase, is found in all 23 known proteobacterial methylotrophs. In several newly discovered methylotrophs, XoxF is the active methanol 24 dehydrogenase, catalysing the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde. Apart from that, its potential role in 25 methylotrophy and carbon cycling is unknown. So far, the diversity of xoxF in the environment has received 26 little attention. We designed PCR primer sets targeting clades of the xoxF gene, and used 454 pyrosequencing 27 of PCR amplicons obtained from DNA of four coastal marine environments for a unique assessment of the 28 diversity of xoxF in these habitats. Phylogenetic analysis of the data obtained revealed a high diversity of xoxF 29 genes from two of the investigated clades, and substantial differences in sequence composition between 30 environments. Sequences were classified as being related to a wide range of both methylotrophs and non-31 methylotrophs from Alpha-, Beta-and Gammaproteobacteria. The most prominent sequences detected were 32 related to the family Rhodobacteraceae, the genus Methylotenera and the OM43 clade of Methylophilales, 33 and are thus related to organisms that employ XoxF for methanol oxidation. Furthermore, our analyses 34 revealed a high degree of so far undescribed sequences, suggesting a high number of unknown species in 35 these habitats. 36

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“…An annual global sea to air flux of 34–57 Tg year −1 was calculated using an oceanic mixed‐layer photochemical flux model, with remotely sensed chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption used as model input as a proxy to extrapolate rate data to the oligotrophic ocean (Millet et al, 2010; Wang et al, 2019). This modeled flux is substantially greater than the global sea‐to‐air acetaldehyde flux of ~3–17 Tg year −1 calculated based on in situ observations across the Atlantic Ocean (Beale et al, 2013; Yang et al, 2014). However, photochemical production of acetaldehyde in the oceans may not be sufficient to explain steady‐state concentrations of acetaldehyde in the surface mixed layer and therefore may not explain the observed sea‐to‐air flux, since biological production and consumption, and not photochemistry, may be the main factors affecting acetaldehyde concentrations in surface‐ocean waters (Zhu & Kieber, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Model for Depth‐Dependent Carbonyl Photochemical Production Rates in Seawater

Zhu

Kieber

2020

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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A photochemical model was used to quantify the global contribution of carbonyl photoproduction in the photodegradation of marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC). As model input, wavelength-and temperature-dependent apparent quantum yields (AQYs) for the photochemical production of carbonyl compounds were determined in seawater collected from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. These AQY data and published AQY data from the North Pacific were used with remotely sensed seawater optical properties and solar irradiance data in a global model to calculate depth-resolved, mixed-layer photochemical fluxes of acetaldehyde and glyoxal in seawater. Based on this model, the annual global surface mixed-layer photochemical production is 89.7 ± 36 Tg year −1 for acetaldehyde and 20.0 ± 8.0 Tg year −1 for glyoxal. This work significantly improves our understanding of the impact of photochemistry on the cycling of DOC in the surface oceans. Low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds represent the second largest carbon flux among all known carbon products that are produced during the photolysis of DOC. The annual photoproduction of carbonyl-compound carbon is~110 ± 23 Tg C year −1 , comprising approximately 9.6% of the total carbon and 22% of the biologically labile carbon that are produced globally from the photolysis of marine DOC.Plain Language Summary Ultraviolet and visible solar irradiation absorbed by dissolved organic matter in seawater causes a myriad of chemical transformations including the photochemical production of atmospherically important and biologically labile organic compounds. In the current study, we determined the photochemical production of acetaldehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal, in the surface oceans. A global-scale seasonal model of surface and depth-dependent photochemical production rates was developed for acetaldehyde and glyoxal using wavelength-and temperature-dependent photoproduction data determined in open ocean, oligotrophic seawater from the North Pacific and Northwest Atlantic Oceans, along with modeled solar irradiance and satellite-retrieved optical properties of seawater. Methylglyoxal was not modeled because its wavelength-dependent photochemical production could not be determined in open ocean waters. Results of this study were used to show that the photochemical production of carbonyl compounds represents an important fraction of marine organic matter that is photochemically degraded on an annual basis. Key Points:• Wavelength and temperature dependence for carbonyl photoproduction was determined in seawater from four stations in the NW Atlantic Ocean • Depth-integrated, surface mixed-layer rates of acetaldehyde and glyoxal photochemical production were calculated globally • Carbonyl compounds represent 9.6% and 22% of the total and biologically labile carbon produced from the photolysis of marine organic carbon Supporting Information:• Supporting Information S1

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Air–sea fluxes of oxygenated volatile organic compounds across the Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 17 publications

References 61 publications

Annual study of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in UK shelf waters

Annual study of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in UK shelf waters

XoxF encoding an alternative methanol dehydrogenase is widespread in coastal marine environments

Global Model for Depth‐Dependent Carbonyl Photochemical Production Rates in Seawater

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