Air sampling for fungi in indoor environments

Fungal Air Quality in Medical Protected Environments

“…Between these, increasingly smaller cells were collected. Andersen sampler allowed discrimination of the particles by size, the determination of the concentration of culturable cells, and, after observation of the colonies, the identification of the fungi at species level (Eduard & Heederik, 1998;Flannigan, 1997;Henningson & Ahlberg, 1994;Martinez et al, 2004;Stetzenbach et al, 2004). May, Hirst, Bourdillon and Andersen samplers were based on impaction on a solid surfacethe projection of particles onto the surface of a glass slide or culture medium.…”

“…The use of culture-based analysis methods underestimates populations in bioaerosols owing to the detection of only those fungi that grow in culture media, while non-culturable (live or dead) organisms go undetected. As with other environments, most of atmospheric fungi appear to be in a non-culturable sate (Flannigan, 1997). Fungi are capable of causing health effects whether they are in the culturable or nonculturable but viable state.…”

Analysis of Microbiological Air Quality Based on Fungal Count as Parameter in Working Rooms of “X” Hospital in Balikpapan

“…Naddafi et al, (2011) reported that 25-28°C rooms have higher concentration of pathogenic fungi compared to <25°C room because the former is closer to human temperature. Fungi spores are more resistant against high temperature compared to mycelia and they generally survive at higher range temperature (Spengler et al, 2001;Gutarwska and Piotrowska, 2007;Flannigan, 1997). Therefore, the ventilation system and air temperature control of rooms in "X" Hospital have to be paid attention to.…”

Microbiological analysis of bioaerosols collected from Hospital Emergency Departments and ambulances

“…Among the species from these genera they mention Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus brasiliensis (former name Aspergillus niger) and genus Cladosporium [23,24]. Flannigan, Dutkiewicz et al and Rainer et al declare that fungi present in humid indoor spaces may be responsible for asthma and/or hay fever and alveolitis alergica [25,26,27]. These fungi may also be the cause of immunotoxicity [28,29].…”