Air Quality, Stroke, and Coronary Events

Hoffmann, Barbara; Weinmayr, Gudrun; Hennig, Frauke; Fuks, Kateryna; Moebus, Susanne; Weimar, Christian; Dragano, Nico; Hermann, Dirk M.; Kälsch, Hagen; Mahabadi, Amir A.; Erbel, Raimund; Jöckel, Karl‐Heinz

doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0195

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Model covariates were chosen a priori and included age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, comorbidities (diabetes, COPD, hypertension, hyperlipidemia), hypertensive medication use, statin medication use, and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) at the block-group level. Covariates were selected on the basis of plausibility and previously published relationships [ 2 , 12 , 13 ]. Individual-level covariates and pharmacy data were obtained from electronic medical records.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution mapping of traffic related air pollution with Google street view cars and incidence of cardiovascular events within neighborhoods in Oakland, CA

et al. 2018

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BackgroundSome studies have linked long-term exposure to traffic related air pollutants (TRAP) with adverse cardiovascular health outcomes; however, previous studies have not linked highly variable concentrations of TRAP measured at street-level within neighborhoods to cardiovascular health outcomes.MethodsLong-term pollutant concentrations for nitrogen dioxide [NO2], nitric oxide [NO], and black carbon [BC] were obtained by street-level mobile monitoring on 30 m road segments and linked to residential addresses of 41,869 adults living in Oakland during 2010 to 2015. We fit Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the relationship between air pollution exposures and time to first cardiovascular event. Secondary analyses examined effect modification by diabetes and age.ResultsLong-term pollutant concentrations [mean, (standard deviation; SD)] for NO2, NO and BC were 9.9 ppb (SD 3.8), 4.9 ppb (SD 3.8), and 0.36 μg/m3 (0.17) respectively. A one SD increase in NO2, NO and BC, was associated with a change in risk of a cardiovascular event of 3% (95% confidence interval [CI] -6% to 12%), 3% (95% CI -5% to 12%), and − 1% (95% CI -8% to 7%), respectively. Among the elderly (≥65 yrs), we found an increased risk of a cardiovascular event of 12% for NO2 (95% CI: 2%, 24%), 12% for NO (95% CI: 3%, 22%), and 7% for BC (95% CI: -3%, 17%) per one SD increase. We found no effect modification by diabetes.ConclusionsStreet-level differences in long-term exposure to TRAP were associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events among the elderly, indicating that within-neighborhood differences in TRAP are important to cardiovascular health. Associations among the general population were consistent with results found in previous studies, though not statistically significant.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12940-018-0382-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution mapping of traffic related air pollution with Google street view cars and incidence of cardiovascular events within neighborhoods in Oakland, CA

et al. 2018

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“…A 2015 study by Hoffmann et al, demonstrated that long-term exposure to PM is associated with an increased risk of stroke, regardless of the subject’s exposure to noise. [85] However, another study that adjusted for these variables found road traffic noise is associated with ischemic stroke, while air pollution is not. Further investigations are needed.…”

Section: Air Pollution and Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical effects of air pollution on the central nervous system; a review

Babadjouni

Hodis

Radwanski

et al. 2017

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience

143

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The purpose of this review is to describe recent clinical and epidemiological studies examining the adverse effects of urban air pollution on the central nervous system (CNS). Air pollution and particulate matter (PM) are associated with neuroinflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These processes affect multiple CNS pathways. The conceptual framework of this review focuses on adverse effects of air pollution with respect to neurocognition, white matter disease, stroke, and carotid artery disease. Both children and older individuals exposed to air pollution exhibit signs of cognitive dysfunction. However, evidence on middle-aged cohorts is lacking. White matter injury secondary to air pollution exposure is a putative mechanism for neurocognitive decline. Air pollution is associated with exacerbations of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases. Increases in stroke incidences and mortalities are seen in the setting of air pollution exposure and CNS pathology is robust. Large populations living in highly polluted environments are at risk. This review aims to outline current knowledge of air pollution exposure effects on neurological health.

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“…However, in those participants with no or only minor atherosclerotic burden at baseline, we observed associations of long-term exposure to Environmental Health Perspectives 107003-4 128(10) October 2020 particulate air pollution with progression of atherosclerosis, whereas estimated effects in the group with more advanced atherosclerotic burden at baseline were null or inverse. Long-term air pollution has been shown to be associated with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events in multiple studies (U.S. EPA 2019; WHO 2013), including prior analyses of the HNR Study (Hoffmann et al 2015). Therefore, our findings are important regarding the underlying hypothesis that ambient air pollution may lead to atherosclerosis on the pathway to CVD, possibly explaining the higher incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease observed in people with higher air pollution exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Air Pollution and Progression of Atherosclerosis in Different Vessel Beds—Results from a Prospective Cohort Study in the Ruhr Area, Germany

Hennig

Geisel²,

Kälsch

et al. 2020

Environ Health Perspect

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Due to inconsistent epidemiological evidence on health effects of air pollution on progression of atherosclerosis, we investigated several air pollutants and their effects on progression of atherosclerosis, using carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), coronary calcification (CAC), and thoracic aortic calcification (TAC). METHODS: We used baseline (2000-2003) and 5-y follow-up (2006-2008) data from the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall cohort study, including 4,814 middle-aged adults. Residence-based long-term air pollution exposure, including particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤2:5 lm (PM 2:5), (PM 10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) was assessed using chemistry transport and land use regression (LUR) models. cIMT was quantified as side-specific median IMT assessed from standardized ultrasound images. CAC and TAC were quantified by computed tomography using the Agatston score. Development (yes/no) and progression of atherosclerosis (change in cIMT and annual growth rate for CAC/TAC) were analyzed with logistic and linear regression models, adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle variables, socioeconomic status, and traffic noise. RESULTS: While no clear associations were observed in the full study sample (mean age 59.1 (± 7:6) y; 53% female), most air pollutants were marginally associated with progression of atherosclerosis in participants with no or low baseline atherosclerotic burden. Most consistently for CAC, e.g., a 1:5 lg=m 3 higher exposure to PM 2:5 (LUR) yielded an estimated odds ratio of 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.39] for progression of CAC and an increased annual growth rate of 2% (95% CI: 1%, 4%). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that development and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis is associated with long-term air pollution in middle-aged participants with no or minor atherosclerotic burden at baseline, while overall no consistent associations are observed.

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Air Quality, Stroke, and Coronary Events

Cited by 38 publications

References 33 publications

High-resolution mapping of traffic related air pollution with Google street view cars and incidence of cardiovascular events within neighborhoods in Oakland, CA

High-resolution mapping of traffic related air pollution with Google street view cars and incidence of cardiovascular events within neighborhoods in Oakland, CA

Clinical effects of air pollution on the central nervous system; a review

Air Pollution and Progression of Atherosclerosis in Different Vessel Beds—Results from a Prospective Cohort Study in the Ruhr Area, Germany

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