Air Quality Status During Diwali Festival of India: A Case Study

Abstract

The PM(2.5) and PM(10) samples were collected during Diwali celebration from study area and characterized for ionic concentration of four anions (NO(3) (-), NO(2) (-), Cl(-), SO(4) (2-)) and five cations (K(+), Mg(2+), NH(4) (+), Ca(2+), Na(+)). The results showed that the ionic concentrations were three times compared to those on pre and post Diwali days. Predominant ions for PM(2.5) were K(+) 33.7 μg/m(3), Mg(+) 31.6 μg/m(3), SO(4) (2-) 22.1 μg/m(3), NH(4) (+) 17.5 μg/m(3) and NO(3) (-) 18 μg/m(3) and for PM(10) the ionic concentrations were Mg(+) 29.6 μg/m(3), K(+) 26 μg/m(3), SO(4) (2-) 19.9 μg/m(3), NH(4) (+) 16.8 μg/m(3) and NO(3) (-) 16 μg/m(3). While concentration of SO(2) and NO(2) were 17.23, 70.33 μg/m(3) respectively.

Diwali Fireworks: Early Signs of Impact on PM10 Properties of Rural Brahmaputra Valley

“…Firecrackers contain large amount of nitrates and sulphates of lead, cadmium, potassium, ammonium and magnesium (Rao et al, 2012). Wang et al (2007) had used K and Cl as the elements for fireworks indicators.…”

“…This observation has been further stressed upon in the later section while appreciating enrichments. Rao et al (2012); 24-h average on Diwali day. 3 Perrino et al (2011); 24-h average on Diwali day.…”

“…Materials used in firecrackers contain chemicals and toxic substances, burning of which release toxic gases and particulate matter of fine size to the atmosphere leading to severe health and environmental hazards (Perrino et al, 2011;Rao et al, 2012). Literature suggests that there is a strong relationship between air pollutants like SO 2 and NO x and numerous health effects (Curtis et al, 2006) including reproductive and developmental effects such as increased risk of preterm birth (Liu et al, 2003).…”

Real Time Ambient Air Quality Status during Diwali Festival in Central, India

“…It has been observed that extreme air quality has adverse effects on citizens [11]- [13]. :00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 PM 10:00 PM 11:00 PM 12:00 AM 1:00 AM 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 4:00 AM 5:00 AM 6:00 AM 7:00 AM :00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM 12:00 PM 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 3:00 PM 4:00 PM 5:00 PM 6:00 PM The increase concentration of particulate matter (PM 10 & PM 2.5 ) leads to increase in the cations concentration in atmosphere which causes serious health hazard [14]. Heavy metal characterization is shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 for PM 10 and PM 2.5 respectively.…”

A review of the impact of fireworks on particulate matter in ambient air

“…Among all detected water-soluble ions, K + was considered a reliable indicator of PM generated by FW burning (Drewnick et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2007;Shen et al, 2009;Chang et al, 2011;Feng et al, 2012;Rao et al, 2012;Tsai et al, 2012;Ambade and Ghosh, 2013;Chatterjee et al, 2013;Pachauri et al, 2013;Cheng et al, 2014;Lin et al, 2014;Tian et al, 2014;Yang et al, 2014). High concentrations of other ions, such as Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Na + , are often detected during FW periods (Wang et al, 2007;Feng et al, 2012;Rao et al, 2012;Tsai et al, 2012,Chatterjee et al, 2013Ambade and Ghosh, 2013;Cheng et al, 2014;Crespo et al, 2014;Lin et al, 2014). Increased Cl − /Na + ratios and decreased Cl − /K + ratios of ambient fine particles were sometimes suggested to be indicators of FW burning (Tsai et al, 2012;Pachauri et al, 2013).…”