Air Quality in African Cities

Mbow-Diokhané, Aminata

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3471-9_9

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the lack of resources influences the monitoring techniques that can be applied to measure exposure to air pollutants. For example, in the African context, the few African states (South Africa, Morocco, Egypt, Algeria and Tunisia) that constantly monitor exposure to PM and NOx make use of fixed monitoring stations [49][50][51]. However, because the fixed monitoring stations are expensive to install, maintain and operate most African states resort to passive and active sampling techniques [52].…”

Section: Monitoring Techniques To Detect Particulate Matter and Nitro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is for this reason that in Africa the presence of fixed monitoring stations predominantly coexists with the laws that regulate exposure to prescribed ambient air pollution standards in that region. For example, this has been observed in Southern Africa where only South Africa has set up continuous air quality monitoring systems; while similarly to Southern Africa in North Africa, some cities in Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Algeria have air quality monitoring stations that complement the prescribed air quality standards of these countries [50]. In Africa, the link between fixed air quality monitoring stations and prescribed air pollution standards is influenced by the guarantees of longterm exposure measurement brought about by this monitoring technique.…”

Section: Techniques Used In Monitoring Exposure Levels Of Pm and Nox ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advancement in the Monitoring Techniques of Particulate Matter and Nitrogen Oxides in African States: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Madonsela¹,

Maphanga²,

Mahlakwana³

2023

IJEI

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Air quality monitoring is fundamental to mitigating the impacts of air pollution on human health and the environment. This ensures that air quality management is effective and that the potential negative effects on the environment and human health associated with poor air quality are understood and mitigated. Despite this, Africa continues to struggle with a lack of sufficient air pollution exposure data that can influence the understanding of air pollution status. The purpose of this research is to look at the progress made by African countries in developing monitoring techniques for pollutants such as particulate matter and nitrogen oxides in urban settings. The study conducted meta-analyses of studies that looked at technological advancements in monitoring PM and NOx exposure levels on the African continent. Every country in the African continent that has monitored both PM and NOx ambient pollutants was included in the review. Furthermore, in an attempt to include the most recent studies that monitored PM and NOx only ambient air quality studies published between 2010 to 2022 were eligible for inclusion in the current study. From eligible studies, authors, publication year, exposure characterization method, study setting, pollutants and technique used were extracted. Microsoft Excel 2019 was used for data analysis. To this end, the data was presented using graphs and numerical techniques. The results of this study show that 67% of African countries use fixed monitoring systems, which has a serious limitation. Whilst, on the other hand only 10% of the countries, geographically located within North Africa (Tunisia, and Algeria), and Southern Africa (South Africa) regions used the mixed monitoring techniques, such as active sampling and remote sensing. In conclusion, most African regions rarely conduct air quality exposure assessments that incorporate air quality modelling techniques.

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Section: Monitoring Techniques To Detect Particulate Matter and Nitro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Techniques Used In Monitoring Exposure Levels Of Pm and Nox ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement in the Monitoring Techniques of Particulate Matter and Nitrogen Oxides in African States: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Madonsela¹,

Maphanga²,

Mahlakwana³

2023

IJEI

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“…This research responds to a several specific gaps within the body of academic air quality literature: although there has been ample discussion of air quality challenges in African cities (27)(28)(29)(30), there is a paucity of data on air quality impacts linked to trash burning. In particular, within African cities, there has been a total dearth of scholarship on the burning of medical waste, or on air quality within hospital contexts.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“It is unbearable to breathe here”: air quality, open incineration, and misinformation in Blantyre, Malawi

Tilley,

Chilunga,

Kwangulero

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Blantyre, Malawi’s Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), or Queen’s, as it’s known locally, is the country’s largest public hospital. However, Queen’s is not served by regular municipal waste collection. Rather, most hospital waste (infectious and non-infectious) is gathered by grounds staff and openly burned, in several constantly smouldering piles, sending up clouds of smoke. Speaking directly to an identified knowledge gap on air quality impacts linked to trash burning and the paucity of African urban dwellers’ voices on air quality issues, this study employed a mixed-methods approach to both quantitatively measure the air quality around QECH, and to qualitatively investigate the perceived impacts amongst staff and caregivers. Low-cost sensors measuring particulate matter (PM) with particle sizes less than 10 μm (PM10) and less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), expressed as the mass of PM per volume of air (μg PMx/m3 air) were recorded every 5 min at 8 locations across the QECH for 2 months. Qualitative data collection consisted of 56 interviews with patients, caregivers and hospital staff (including janitorial and maintenance staff, nurses, doctors, and administrators). Our results show that safe air quality thresholds are consistently exceeded across space and time and that the most problematic air quality surrounds the shelter for caregivers and those receiving treatment for HIV/AIDS. Moreover, staff and visitors are severely impacted by the poor air quality within the space, but feel powerless to make changes or address complaints. Waste management interventions are desperately needed lest the patients who arrive at Queen’s leave with more health issues than the ones with which they arrived.

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Assessment of seasonal variations in vehicular emissions at traffic intersections in Ibadan using AERMOD dispersion model

Odediran,

Adeniran,

Yusuf

2024

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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African cities grapple with urban air pollution from traffic‐related air pollutants (TRAPs). This study investigated TRAPs concentration variations at traffic intersections (TIs) in Ibadan, Nigeria. AERMOD model was employed to examine TRAPs dispersion at 25 selected TIs, considered as volume sources. Seasonal concentration distributions of six pollutants (CO, NO2, SO2, TVOCs, PM2.5, and PM10) were determined using meteorological, topographical, and pollutants’ emission rates in AERMOD. Estimated peak concentrations of the studied pollutants were generally higher in the rainy season than dry season, surpassing the air quality standards set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigeria's National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) during the rainy and dry seasons except SO2 (24 h) concentration which did not exceed the NESREA standard. This study highlighted TIs as significant contributors to air quality degradation in both seasons studied in Ibadan and showed AERMOD's suitability for air dispersion studies.

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Air Quality in African Cities

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Advancement in the Monitoring Techniques of Particulate Matter and Nitrogen Oxides in African States: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Advancement in the Monitoring Techniques of Particulate Matter and Nitrogen Oxides in African States: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

“It is unbearable to breathe here”: air quality, open incineration, and misinformation in Blantyre, Malawi

Assessment of seasonal variations in vehicular emissions at traffic intersections in Ibadan using AERMOD dispersion model

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