Air Quality Impact of Aircraft at Ten U.S. Air Force Bases

Abstract

does not necessarily represent the position of the Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Agency.108(e) of the Clean Air Act. Diffusion modeling need not be dropped under such a program, but should be continued for informational and advisory purposes. The legal test for approval of a source would be that it met the requirements of the code of practices, not that it would meet all air quality standards. This would eliminate an open invitation in most present indirect source regulations for either the proponents or opponents of projects to litigate modeling studies. ConclusionsIndirect Source Regulations present problems to the reviewing authority. The effectiveness of these regulations is reduced since the authority lacks control over tailpipe emissions and its sole means of control is provided through diffusion modeling of alternative source configurations. The modeling process lacks sufficient reliability to be the only criterion for approval since it is subject to inherent modeling error and to error involved in estimating future worst case, short term traffic, and atmospheric conditions. This problem, and the problems of equity posed by ISR, lead to enforcement problems which further reduce effectiveness.Enforceability of indirect source regulations might be improved by requiring new indirect sources to conform to a code of practices of measures which would reduce air pollutant concentrations, rather than to require that they model so as not to predict standard violations. This would prevent litigation based on modeling studies and thereby improve enforcement, as well as tie the ISR process to Section 108(e) planning.

Military, Race, and Urbanization: Lessons of Environmental Injustice from Las Vegas, Nevada

“…In addition, Nellis Air Force hosts Red Flag combat classrooms where officials from other countries practice in aerial war simulations in the Nevada desert. Air toxics emissions, such as oxides of nitrogen, associated with aircrafts operated by the air force, imply straightforward mechanisms of environmental health impacts (Naugle, Grems, and Daley 1978). The Air Force is pursuing efforts to further expand the Nevada Test and Training Range into the nation’s largest wildlife refuge, the Desert National Wildlife Refuge (Willson 2019).…”