Air quality assessment during dental practice: Aerosols bacterial counts in an universitary clinic

Monteiro, Patrícia Manarte; Carvalho, Alexandrine; Piña, Cristina; Oliveira, H F P de; Manso, Maria Conceição

doi:10.1016/j.rpemd.2012.10.002

Cited by 20 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It is well-recognized that minor oral surgical, restorative, periodontal, as well as endodontic procedures produce aerosol and splatter contamination that exceeds permissible limits 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 . Moreover, Index of Microbial Contamination reveals that endodontic procedures generate significantly greater aerosol-produced colony-forming units compared with restorative procedures 10 . In addition, endodontic procedures disperse aerosols as far as 2 m or 6 feet from the patient's head 10 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

To Drill or Not to Drill: Management of Endodontic Emergencies and In-Process Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Patel

Eskander

Ruparel

2020

Journal of Endodontics

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Introduction Dental professionals are at high risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection because of their scope of practice with aerosol-generating procedures. Recommendation by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to suspend elective dental procedures and avoid aerosol-generating procedures posed significant challenges in the management of patients presenting with endodontic emergencies and uncertainty of outcomes for endodontic procedures initiated, but not completed, before shutdown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the success of palliative care on endodontic emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic and to evaluate the stability of teeth with long-term Ca(OH) 2 placement because of delays in treatment completion. Methods Patients presenting for endodontic emergencies during COVID-19 Shelter-in-Place orders received palliative care, including pharmacologic therapy and/or non–aerosol-generating procedural interventions. Part I of the study evaluated the effectiveness of palliative care, and need for aerosol-generating procedures or extractions was quantified. Part II of the study evaluated survivability and rate of adverse events for teeth that received partial or full root canal debridement and placement of calcium hydroxide before shutdown. Results Part I: Twenty-one patients presented with endodontic emergencies in 25 teeth during statewide shutdown. At a follow-up rate of 96%, 83% of endodontic emergencies required no further treatment or intervention after palliative care. Part II: Thirty-one teeth had received partial or full root canal debridement before statewide shutdown. Mean time to complete treatment was 13 weeks. At a recall rate of 100%, 77% of teeth did not experience any adverse events due to delays in treatment completion. The most common adverse event was a fractured provisional restoration (13%), followed by painful and/or infectious flare-up (6.4%), which were managed appropriately and therefore seemed successful. Only 1 tooth was fractured and nonrestorable (3%), leading to a failed outcome of tooth extraction. The remaining 4 outcome failures (13%) were due to patient unwillingness to undergo school-mandated COVID testing or patient unwillingness to continue treatment because of perceived risk of COVID infection. Conclusions Palliative care for management of endodontic emergencies is a successful option when aerosol-generating procedures are restricted. This treatment approach may be considered in an effort to reduce risk of transmission of COVID-19 infection during subsequent shutdowns. Prolonged Ca(OH) 2 medicament because of COVID-19 related delays in treatment completion appeared to have minimal effect on survival of teeth.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

To Drill or Not to Drill: Management of Endodontic Emergencies and In-Process Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Patel

Eskander

Ruparel

2020

Journal of Endodontics

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“…The microorganism which was isolated from the oral abscess developed in these patients was the same strain isolated from the DUWL [34]. Other respiratory infections reported were mild flu and pneumonia, which was caused by Legionella Pneumophilia, non Pneumophilla spp and Mycobacterium spp including Mycobacterium Avium, Staphylococcal and Streptococcal infection [35][36][37]. Pankhurst and associates reported that the presence of Legionella antibodies in dental personnel is higher in comparison to the general population [35].…”

Section: Dental Aerosol and Splattermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Index of Air Microbial contamination (IMA) is been proved to be a reliable and useful tool for monitoring the microbial surface contamination settling from the air in any environment. However, its use is not consensual for critical environments such as operating theatres [46]. Pasquarella and associates described the Index of Air Microbial contamination (IMA) based on the count of the microbes on to Petri dishes left open to the air in a dental set up, according to the 1/1/1 scheme (for 1 h, 1 m from the floor, at least 1 m away from walls or any obstacle).…”

Section: Dental Aerosol and Splattermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pasquarella and associates described the Index of Air Microbial contamination (IMA) based on the count of the microbes on to Petri dishes left open to the air in a dental set up, according to the 1/1/1 scheme (for 1 h, 1 m from the floor, at least 1 m away from walls or any obstacle). Classes of contamination and maximum acceptable levels were noted and a threshold of 25 was considered adequate [46]. Devices / methods Technique / uses Air disinfection is irradiation with a lamp emitting ultra-violet radiation 250-265 nm (the so called UV-c).…”

Section: Dental Aerosol and Splattermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosols in Dental Practice- A Neglected Infectious Vector

Raghunath¹,

Meenakshi²,

Sreeshyla³

et al. 2016

BMRJ

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An aerosol is a suspension of solid or liquid particles in air or other gaseous environment. Sources of bacterial aerosols exist within and outside the dental clinic. The generation of bacterial aerosols and splatters appears to be highest during dental procedures. The use of rotary dental and surgical instruments and air-water syringes generates visible infectious spray, that enclose large-particle spatter of water, saliva, microorganisms, blood, and other debris. Several infectious diseases could be transmitted to staff and patients by airborne bacterial and other contaminants in the dental clinic. The vigilant use of barriers along with appropriate immunizations procedures could safe guard the dental fraternity from the ill-effects of the aerosols.

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“…The plates have been put in the impactor and grows as a colony, it is then counted as a colony-forming unit, or CFU [12]. This method is easy to implement and low cost thus reproducing the most common culturable conditions regarding total airborne microbial from a particular procedure [13]. According to study by Pasquarella et al [14], bacterial levels less than 39 CFU/dm 2 /h with passive sampling were considered as acceptable values for the air microbial contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Microbe Air Levels in Selected Rooms of a Hospital Cultivated on Two Culture Medias

Juahir¹

2016

MJAS

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The levels of airborne microbe in hospital are unknown previously in Terengganu. Typically, fungi and bacteria are usually presented in indoor environments and cause of human health effects. The aim of this descriptive study was to investigate the level of airborne microbial pollution in the indoor air of the selected hospital rooms. A total of 8 rooms were investigated for this study. Sampling was conducted with an Eco-Mas 100 Single-Stage Microbial Air Impactor and counting plates containing two selective media, Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar (RBCA) and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Air sampling was taken for 5 min at an airflow rate of 28.3 L/min. A medium-low level of bacterial and fungal concentrations (8 to 38 CFU/m 3 for RBCA and 2 to 149 CFU/m 3 for SDA), respectively were found in indoor air quality of the hospital. The highest microbe air levels for RBCA was measured in the washing room, while the highest microbe air levels for SDA was measured in the reprocessing room of hemodialysis unit. The culturable airborne bacterial and fungal concentrations on SDA agar were higher than those on RBCA. The most common culturable airborne microbes were Penicillium and Cladosporium. In addition, the use of RBCA rather than SDA significantly improved the fungal yield. The study also revealed that no indoor atmosphere in the hospital is completely free from microorganisms.Keywords: hospital, indoor air quality, airborne microbe, colony counts Abstrak Tahap mikrob bawaan udara di hospital tidak di ketahui sebelum ini di Terengganu. Lazimnya, kulat dan bakteria terdapat dalam persekitaran dalaman dan menyebabkan kesan terhadap kesihatan manusia. Tujuan kajian deskriptif ini adalah untuk menyiasat tahap pencemaran mikrob bawaan udara di dalam bangunan bilik -bilik yang terpilih di hospital. Sejumlah 8 buah bilik telah disiasat untuk kajian ini. Pensampelan telah dijalankan dengan menggunakan Eco-Mas 100 Impaktor Udara Mikrob Tahap Tunggal dan plat yang mengandungi dua media terpilih iaitu Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar (RBCA) and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. Pensampelan udara dijalankan selama 5 minit pada kadar aliran udara 28.3 L/min. Satu tahap kepekatan sederhana rendah bakteria dan kulat (8 hingga 38 CFU/m 3 untuk media RBCA dan 2 hingga 149 CFU/m 3 untuk media SDA) masing -masing ditemui dalam kualiti udara dalam bangunan hospital tersebut. Tahap udara mikrob yang tertinggi untuk RBCA diukur di bilik cuci, manakala tahap udara mikrob yang tertinggi untuk SDA diukur di bilik pemprosesan semula unit hemodialisis. Kepekatan bakteria dan kulat bawaan udara yang dikultur pada agar SDA adalah lebih tinggi daripada agar RBCA. Mikrob bawaan udara lazimnya yang didapati dari media kultur ialah Penicillium and Cladosporium. Penggunaan media RBCA adalah ketara lebih baik berbanding media SDA dalam penghasilan kulat. Kajian juga mendedahkan bahawa tiada keadaan persekitaran tertutup di dalam hospital yang bebas sepenuhnya dari mikroorganisma.

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Air quality assessment during dental practice: Aerosols bacterial counts in an universitary clinic

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

To Drill or Not to Drill: Management of Endodontic Emergencies and In-Process Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic

To Drill or Not to Drill: Management of Endodontic Emergencies and In-Process Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Aerosols in Dental Practice- A Neglected Infectious Vector

A Study of Microbe Air Levels in Selected Rooms of a Hospital Cultivated on Two Culture Medias

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