Air quality and engine emission at Paris CDG airport during AIRPUR field campaigns

Abstract

Intensive air quality measurements have been organised at Paris Charles de Gaulle airports to characterise source emissions: NO, NO2, speciated VOC, CO, and for aerosols particles including soot and to investigate the influence of emissions on air quality. Chemical samplers, GC and laser techniques have been used to perform gas monitoring by in-situ or by remote sensing at different locations at the airports. Particulate matters have been measured by ELPI, SMPS, TEOM PM1-PM10. Instruments have been deployed at aprons, beside taxiways and runways, at engine test areas, along roads, and at airport landscapes. Samplings performed inside engine plumes for different power settings show a maximum in number of ultra-fine volatile particles (7-10 nm diameter) whereas the concentration of the soot mode (20-40 nm) is at a factor of 100 lower. TEM filter samplings have been continuously operated and show the presence of aggregated soot (20-40 nm) and aerosols containing some proportion of S, Si, Fe, Ca, Mg, and K. VOC emission indices indicate a maximum for ethyne, propene, ethene, benzene, toluene, m-p-xylene, nonane and 1-3butadiene. Results show that NO 2 is highly produced at lower power settings than NO, which dominates the emission at higher thrust setting. Summertime measurements depicting high air temperature lead to a high concentration of ozone. Nevertheless, the airport maximums were lower than observed in the vicinities of the airports and in Paris city at the same period. Air sampling from take-off engine plumes shows a larger concentration of NOx and aerosol particle number concentration. Background values near runways are low, transient variations are strongly dependent on change-over operations of runways (westerly or easterly in CDG).

Airborne, Vehicle-Derived Fe-Bearing Nanoparticles in the Urban Environment: A Review

“…Nanoparticulate aircraft emissions are dominated by soot particles, accompanied by smaller amounts (4–6 wt %) of Fe ,,− and other metals, including Cr, Ni, Ca and K. , …”

“…Nanoparticulate aircraft emissions are dominated by soot particles, accompanied by smaller amounts (4−6 wt %) of Fe 100,246,250−253 and other metals, including Cr, Ni, Ca and K. 246,250 Number-normalized PSDs of aircraft emissions are dominated by NPs (<100 nm), with a main peak at 10−20 nm. 246,254−259 From TEM and EDX, aircraft-derived Fe-bearing NPs occur in the form of magnetite and/or maghemite (Figure 8B).…”

A Comprehensive Characterization of Particulate Matter, Trace Elements, and Gaseous Emissions of Piston-Engine Aircraft

“…However, the emission sources, on which studies have been conducted, have mainly been the gas turbine engines (jet or turboprop/turboshaft engines) of commercial or military aircraft. While these studies have made a valuable contribution to the understanding of aircraft emissions, a large proportion used electron microscopy to investigate the characterization of soot formation ,− and trace elements to a lesser extent. ,− Despite having difficulties due to the high thrust power of these engines, several studies also achieved direct sampling of engine emissions on TEM grids. ,, In addition, certain studies have investigated using alternative fuels, oxidative stress in bronchial cells induced by aircraft emissions, sampling in the vicinity of runways, all benefiting from electron microscopy. In this study, on the other hand, TEM was used for the first time to analyze trace elements from piston-engine aircraft emissions.…”

Chemistry characterization of jet aircraft engine particulate matter by XPS: Results from APEX III

“…Lelie'vre et al conducted gas and particle measurements at the Paris Charles de Gaulle airport, as part of the AIRPUR study [23], collecting transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples near runways. Analysis of the samples showed the presence of a soot mode (20−40 nm) and trace elements, including S, Si, Fe, Ca, Mg, and K. These findings were presented without mentioning the types of aircraft and the distance of the sampling location from the runway, which is significant in relation to plume dispersion and ambient aerosol contributions.…”

“…Trace elements were reported including Si, Fe, Ca, Mg and K, all likely originating from ambient aerosols and dust. These findings were presented without mentioning the types of aircraft nor distance from the runway [23]. Mazaheri et al sampled at 70 m distance from a runway, but like Lelievre et al, other details were not provided [24].…”