Air Pollution Surveillance Systems

Abstract

Atmospheric surveillance is necessary in order to identify airborne pollutants, to establish ambient concentrations of these pollutants, and to record their trends and patterns. Air pollutants may occur in the form of gases, liquids, and solids, both singly and in combination. Gaseous pollutants make up about 90 percent of the total mass emitted to the atmosphere with particulates and aerosols accounting for the remaining 10 percent. Small particulates are of particular importance because they may be in the respirable size range. These small particles may contain biologically active elements and compounds. Furthermore, they tend to remain in the atmosphere where they interfere with both solar and terrestrial infrared radiation, which may affect climate on a global basis.

The biology of talc.

“…(Lancet, 1973). The clearing mechanism however can be affected by noxious agents such as cytotoxic drugs, cigarette smoke, or a dust load that is so excessive that the normal cellular functions are impaired (Haynes, 1931;Davies, 1964a;Morgan et al, 1970;Lee, 1972;Schaefer et al, 1972;Lancet, 1973;New England Journal of Medicine, 1973;First, 1973;Ackerman and Beebe, 1974;Golde, Byers, and Finley, 1974).…”

“…The effects of talc dusts on the health of miners and industrial workers have been studied extensively and dust level standards that are considered safe have been established by official agencies (Hogue and Mallette, 1949;Schepers and Durkan, 1955a; Kleinfeld et al, 1964a, andb, 1967;Riley, 1965;Morgan, Ozolins, and Tabor, 1970;Murphy et al, 1971;Smith, 1971;Hatch, 1973;Kleinfeld, Messite, and Langer, 1973;Leroux, Davey, and Paillard, 1973; American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists, 1973;Wegman et al, 1974). The potential health hazard of dusts encountered by consumers who have no industrial exposure has become a subject of increasing interest (Henderson et al, 1971;Merliss, 1971;Nam and Gracey, 1972;Blejer and Arlon, 1973).…”

Efeitos sobre o homem das emanações de veículos automores

“…No mundo todo são lançadas anualmente na atmosfera cerca de 200 milhões de toneladas de CO, sendo que cerca de 60% são produzidos por veículos automotores 17 .…”

The Size of Suspended Particulate Matter in Air

“…and other countries by various air-sampling devices. In the United States, particulate concenitration ts determilned gravtnmetrically over a 24-hour period at about 200 sites with high-volitme (Hi-Vol) air samplers (3). At sites in CGreat Britaiti and other European countries, slloke concentration is determined bv measUring photometrically the degree of staining prodLtced by the aerosol collected on Onie ot the inost itinp ot suspended particul a particle size dlstribLIthc degree to which sLS1 penetrate the respirati direct fLtnction of parti ctlstributiotl of the part tertitinecd before their 1 on health can be asses aimple.…”

“…The rate of air flow is determined 'by measuring the pressure-drop across an orifice, approximately 0.64 cm in diameter, with a magnehelic or other pressure gauge having a capacity of 127 cm of water. 3.0 ,sm pore size) with a nylon mesh reinforcement, are used to collect unimpacted particles; they are conditioned and weighed in the same way as the aluminum disks.…”