Air pollution of beauty salons by cosmetics from the analysis of suspensed particulate matter

Rogula-Kopiec, Patrycja; Rogula–Kozłowska, Wioletta; Pastuszka, Józef S.; Mathews, Barbara

doi:10.1007/s10311-018-0798-4

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…An overlooked source in recent studies and discussions (Kumar et al 2013 ; Li et al 2017c ; Manigrasso et al 2018 ), candle burning can be a substantial source of indoor particle emissions (Rogula-Kopiec et al 2019 ). In the modern society, candles are no longer used primarily for lighting, but for esthetic and religious purposes such as meditation, memorials, and ceremonies, usually in indoor settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of indoor aerosols for COVID-19 viral transmission: a review

2021

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The relationship between outdoor atmospheric pollution by particulate matter and the morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections was recently disclosed, yet the role of indoor aerosols is poorly known. Since people spend most of their time indoor, indoor aerosols are closer to human occupants than outdoors, thus favoring airborne transmission of COVID-19. Therefore, here we review the characteristics of aerosol particles emitted from indoor sources, and how exposure to particles affects human respiratory infections and transport of airborne pathogens. We found that tobacco smoking, cooking, vacuum cleaning, laser printing, burning candles, mosquito coils and incenses generate large quantities of particles, mostly in the ultrafine range below 100 nm. These tiny particles stay airborne, are deposited in the deeper regions of human airways and are difficult to be removed by the respiratory system. As a consequence, adverse effects can be induced by inhaled aerosol particles via oxidative stress and inflammation. Early epidemiological evidence and animal studies have revealed the adverse effects of particle exposure in respiratory infections. In particular, inhaled particles can impair human respiratory systems and immune functions, and induce the upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, thus inducing higher vulnerability to COVID-19 infection. Moreover, co-production of inflammation mediators by COVID-19 infection and particle exposure magnifies the cytokine storm and aggravates symptoms in patients. We also discuss the role of indoor aerosol particles as virus carriers. Although many hypotheses were proposed, there is still few knowledge on interactions between aerosol articles and virus-laden droplets or droplet nuclei.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of indoor aerosols for COVID-19 viral transmission: a review

2021

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“…4,5 The interaction of cosmetic based volatile organic compounds such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, phenols, and acid with indoor particle matter increases the concentration and strength of particulate matter in the beauty salon. 6 Besides, the types and number of services offered and the application of cosmetics in beauty salons exert much more significant effects on the concentration level of indoor particulate matter, Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). 6,7 TVOCs are indoor air pollutants mostly produced at high concentrations in the beauty salon 2,8 with a concentration level of up to 3600 mg/m 3.9 Indoor particulate matter of different aerodynamic sizes (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) is also one of the most harmful air pollutants with many health effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Besides, the types and number of services offered and the application of cosmetics in beauty salons exert much more significant effects on the concentration level of indoor particulate matter, Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). 6,7 TVOCs are indoor air pollutants mostly produced at high concentrations in the beauty salon 2,8 with a concentration level of up to 3600 mg/m 3.9 Indoor particulate matter of different aerodynamic sizes (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) is also one of the most harmful air pollutants with many health effects. 10,11 Particulate matter consists of liquid droplets and solid fragments smaller than 10 µm suspended in the air, whose size, chemical composition, and shape are varied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11 Particulate matter consists of liquid droplets and solid fragments smaller than 10 µm suspended in the air, whose size, chemical composition, and shape are varied. 6,12 The presence of a high concentration of CO 2 , particulate matter, and TVOC in the indoor beauty salon affects the comfort, health, and productivity of beauty salon workers. 2,13 The concentration of these pollutants and comfort parameters in the beauty salon is affected by the type, number, and frequency of the services.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Combustible Source Indoor Air Pollutants Concentration in Beauty Salons and Associated Self-Reported Health Problems Among the Beauty Salon Workers

Tagesse¹,

Deti²,

Dadi³

et al. 2021

RMHP

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Background: Cosmetic products emits Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC) and Particulate Matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometers (PM 10 ) of different sizes and characteristics with adverse health effects. Despite the increasing need for cosmetic products, related pollutants level of concentration from beauty salon is not well understood in developing countries. Objective: This study aims to assess indoor air pollutant concentrations in the beauty salon and self-reported health problems among the salon workers in Jimma town. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used on 87 beauty salons from May 13-24, 2019. The concentrations of PM 10, TVOCs, CO 2 , room temperature, and relative humidity were measured and triangulated with the survey data collected through measurements and questionnaires. A statistical software package, SPSS v.21, was used to analyze the data. A binary logistic regression was used to analyze categorical data and linear regressions to predict pollutants level and associated health outcomes. Results:The results show that 93.1% of the respondents are females, and 85% were below 30 years old. More than 60% of the respondents were married individuals. 56.3% and 44.8% of the workers work over 10 hours per day and work the whole week. 34.6% of the workers reported as worked during pregnancy. About 70% of the workers know the harmful effects of cosmetics, benefits of ventilation, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use, but only 19.4% use face masks. The majority (88.5%) reported health problems after starting work in the beauty salon. The mean volume of the beauty salon was 36.3 m 3, with a mean PM 10 concentration of 0.465 mg/m 3 and a mean TVOC concentration of 1034.2 µg/m 3 . These air pollutants have shown a statistically significant association with self-reported health problems. Hence, urgent intervention with subsequent continuous awareness creation is needed to reduce the health consequences of a beauty salon's indoor air pollutants.

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“…For instance, many public lactation rooms are located in corners with an inadequate design, often as small, enclosed spaces with windowless walls. This is dangerous for the heath of mothers and babies because enclosed spaces such as schools and beauty salons are known to concentrate air pollutants (de Gennaro et al 2014 ; Rogula-Kopiec et al 2018 ). A survey of 105 lactation facilities in US university campuses revealed that over 80% of the designated spaces were structurally enclosed, and only about 40% of those places had in-room control of air temperature (Henry-Moss et al 2019 ).…”

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confidence: 99%